Get summaries, questions, answers, solutions, notes, extras, PDF and guide of Chapter 10 Conservation of Resources, NBSE Class 9 Environmental Education textbook, which is part of the syllabus of students studying under Nagaland Board. These solutions, however, should only be treated as references and can be modified/changed.
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Summary
Conservation means using natural resources in a way that they last for a long time. People use resources like water, trees, and land for many things. But if we use too much, there won’t be enough left for the future. Many countries are trying to protect nature by making rules and signing agreements. These steps help keep the environment safe.
Natural resources are important for their value to the economy, nature, and culture. Forests, for example, help with the climate and provide beauty. However, overuse of resources harms ecosystems. The growing population has increased the demand for resources like land and water. This is why people need to take action to conserve them. Conservation aims to fix problems caused by pollution and harmful practices.
There are many ways to save resources. Reusing and recycling things reduces waste. For example, recycling paper saves trees. Using energy from the sun, wind, or water is better than depending on fuels like coal or oil. Organic farming avoids harmful chemicals and protects soil and water. Planting trees helps balance nature and stops soil erosion. People also play a big role by supporting laws that protect the environment.
Some products harm the environment more than others. For example, plastics do not break down easily and can pollute the soil and water. Scientists are working to make plastics that decompose faster. Leather goods harm animals and pollute water. Alternatives like materials made from plant fibers are now available. Using less plastic and finding substitutes for harmful products can reduce damage to nature.
Energy sources like the sun, wind, and water are renewable. This means they will not run out easily. Hydropower uses flowing water to create electricity without pollution. Wind turbines turn wind into power. Solar panels capture sunlight to produce energy. Tidal energy uses ocean tides to generate power. Biomass energy comes from plants and waste. These alternatives are clean and help reduce pollution.
Steps to conserve resources include planting trees, saving water, and protecting wildlife. Harvesting rainwater ensures there is enough water during dry seasons. Wildlife can be protected in their natural habitats or in places like zoos and parks. Rules against hunting endangered animals help preserve biodiversity. Using biogas instead of LPG saves fossil fuels. Recycling waste reduces pollution.
People should avoid wasting energy at home. Turning off lights and unplugging devices when not in use saves electricity. Hybrid cars use less fuel and reduce pollution. Simple habits like carrying reusable bags instead of plastic ones make a difference. Governments and communities must work together to protect the environment. Everyone can contribute by being mindful of how they use resources.
Using natural resources wisely keeps the Earth healthy for future generations. People need to find new ways to replace what is being used up. Changing habits and adopting better practices can help conserve nature. New technologies and ideas offer hope for a cleaner and safer world.
Textbook solutions
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Organic gas used as fuel is known as
A. Biofuel
B. Biogas
C. Humus
D. Both (A) and (B)
Answer: D. Both (A) and (B)
2. Fuel made up of biological material is called
A. Biogas
B. Biofuel
C. Organic fuel
D. None of these
Answer: B. Biofuel
3. Which types of wastes do not mix in the soil?
A. Biodegradable
B. Non-biodegradable
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. None of these
Answer: B. Non-biodegradable
4. We should not use plastic and polythene because these are:
A. Biodegradable waste
B. Non-biodegradable waste
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. None of these
Answer: B. Non-biodegradable waste
5. What is CNG?
A. Combined Neutral Gas
B. Compressed Natural Gas
C. Compressed Neutral Gas
D. None of these
Answer: B. Compressed Natural Gas
Very Short Answer Questions
1. What is conservation?
Answer : Conservation means the sustainable use of natural resources, focusing on maintaining the regular supply of resources in the future for their economic, biological, recreational, and cultural values.
2. What do you understand by organic farming?
Answer : Organic farming is the natural way of farming in which no chemicals are used either as fertilizers or pesticides. Crops are raised without using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and antibiotics, and it helps control air, water, and soil pollution while increasing soil fertility.
3. Write down the full form of CFC.
Answer : The full form of CFC is chlorofluorocarbons.
4. Name the material that substitutes leather.
Answer : The material that substitutes leather is made of polyvinyl chloride and non-woven fibres.
5. What is biomass?
Answer : Biomass is the plant and animal waste or residue which can be used to generate energy directly or indirectly.
6. Name any two kinds of biofuels.
Answer : Two kinds of biofuels are bio-diesel and bio-ethanol.
Short Answer Questions
1. Give any two uses of afforestation?
Answer : Two uses of afforestation are:
(i) It compensates for deforestation by increasing the number of trees, which enhances the process of photosynthesis and cleans the air.
(ii) It helps in checking soil erosion and ensures the normal functioning of the hydrological cycle, preventing desertification.
2. Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable resources?
Answer : The difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable resources is:
- Biodegradable resources are substances that break down and mix with the soil easily, such as fruit and vegetable peels, leaves, grass, wood, paper, clothes, wool, etc.
- Non-biodegradable resources are substances that do not mix with the soil, such as plastic goods, polythene bags, synthetic clothes, metals, etc. Most non-biodegradable things are recyclable, such as plastic goods, metals, and glass.
3. What do you understand by alternate of resources?
Answer : Alternates of resources refer to sources of energy or materials that are used instead of conventional or non-conventional resources like coal, oil, and natural gas. These alternatives replace the resources that are falling short because of over-utilization.
4. What is the alternate of diesel?
Answer : The alternate of diesel is Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).
5. Give any two uses of hydropower?
Answer : Two uses of hydropower are:
(i) It does not make use of any fossil fuel and produces no waste, making it an environmentally friendly source of energy.
(ii) It is widely used for generating electricity, with countries like Norway, Brazil, and Congo relying significantly on hydropower for their energy needs.
Long Answer Questions
1. How does organic farming help in the conservation of environment?
Answer : Organic farming helps in the conservation of the environment because it uses environment-friendly techniques. It raises crops without using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and antibiotics. The fertilizers and pesticides used in organic farming are obtained from plant and animal waste and mineral sources. Additionally, organic farming helps control air, water, and soil pollution, and increases soil fertility.
2. Why should we encourage afforestation?
Answer : We should encourage afforestation because it compensates for deforestation. Afforestation converts barren land into forest land, increasing the number of trees, which enhances the process of photosynthesis and cleans the air. It also ensures the normal functioning of the hydrological cycle, checks desertification, supports biodiversity by allowing food chains to function normally, prevents soil erosion, and helps recharge groundwater.
3. Using plastics is not environment-friendly. How can this problem be solved?
Answer : This problem can be solved by making efforts to recycle plastic goods as they are non-biodegradable and do not mix with the soil after being destroyed. Scientists are also working on making biodegradable plastics by mixing starch with plastic so that bacteria can consume the starch and plastic molecules, allowing the plastic to decompose.
4. How can living style help in the environment conservation?
Answer : Living style can help in environment conservation by following the techniques of simple living, such as using solar cookers and minimizing the use of cooking gas, closing all taps when not in use, switching off electric appliances when not in use, making minimum use of auto vehicles, using public transport vehicles, minimizing the use of air conditioners and heaters, avoiding wastage of food, imposing a strict ban on deforestation, and ensuring vehicles are regularly checked so that they emit minimum smoke.
5. Write a note on the alternative of resources.
Answer : Alternatives to conserve our natural resources are sources of energy or materials used instead of conventional or non-conventional resources like coal, oil, and natural gas. These alternatives replace the resources that are falling short due to over-utilization. Examples include renewable sources of energy such as solar power, hydropower, wind energy, tidal energy, and geothermal energy. Some cars that run on battery and gas have been made, and efforts should be made to improve these technologies so that all vehicles can run on unconventional energy sources. Solar energy can also be made popular in cooking. Scientists are working on making biodegradable plastics by mixing starch with plastic, allowing bacteria to consume starch and plastic molecules, enabling decomposition. Substitutes for leather are being discovered, made from polyvinyl chloride and non-woven fibers, which cost much less than leather. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is an important alternative to diesel, and biogas chullhas are substitutes for firewood in villages. Electric crematoriums are being made to save wood.
6. Why is hydropower a preferred source of power generation?
Answer : Hydropower is a preferred source of power generation because it does not make use of any fossil fuel and produces no waste. It is a clean and environmentally friendly source of energy that does not cause pollution. The worldwide waterpower generation is increasing mainly due to environmental concerns, and in many countries, waterpower is the dominant source of energy. For instance, Norway generates 99% of its power from water, Brazil generates 88%, and Congo produces 100% of its power from water. China is the largest producer of hydropower globally.
Extras
Additional questions and answers
1. Define conservation?
Answer : Conservation means the sustainable use of natural resources, focusing on maintaining their regular supply in the future.
44. Explain the production and importance of biogas energy.
Answer : Biogas is produced from cattle dung in biogas plants, which serve as a source of both biogas and manure. It is an alternative to conventional fuels like LPG, whose use results in the depletion of oil reserves. Natural degradation of wastes dumped in landfill sites releases energy that can be tapped, with one ton of refuse capable of producing 400 cubic metres of biogas, methane. When methane is converted into carbon dioxide, it can generate heat or power. Biogas can also be burnt to generate electricity or heat. Liquid bio-fuels like bio-diesel and bio-ethanol, derived from plant species, are perfect substitutes for conventional petrol and diesel. These fuels are bio-friendly and reduce air pollution.
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Q. How does treatment of industrial waste contribute to environmental conservation?
Answer : Treatment of industrial wastes and sewages before they are released into water bodies helps conserve the environment by preventing thermal and chemical pollution of water. Rapid industrialization has resulted in harmful wastes that damage ecosystems when released directly into water bodies, leading to massive water pollution, especially in developing countries. Treating these effluents ensures that water pollution is minimized, thus conserving the ecological balance.
Additional MCQs
1. What does conservation mean?
A. Sustainable use
B. Immediate use
C. Unregulated use
D. Restricted use
Answer: A. Sustainable use
55. Which option is not an objective of the Damodar Valley Corporation project?
A. Flood control
B. Power generation
C. Mining
D. Irrigation
Answer: C. Mining
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