Get summaries, questions, answers, solutions, notes, extras, PDF and guide of Chapter 14 Human Rights, Fundamental Duties & Value Education, NBSE Class 9 Environmental Education textbook, which is part of the syllabus of students studying under Nagaland Board. These solutions, however, should only be treated as references and can be modified/changed.
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Summary
Rights are the conditions needed for a person to live with dignity. They are recognised by society and protected by law. Rights help people grow and take part in society. In a democracy, people need rights to vote, speak, form parties, and live freely. Rights also protect people from unfair treatment and misuse of power. Fundamental Rights in India are part of the Constitution and cannot be easily removed. These include the right to equality, freedom, protection from exploitation, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies. Each of these ensures basic freedom and safety for all citizens.
The Right to Equality means all people are equal under the law. It bans discrimination. The Right to Freedom includes freedom of speech, movement, and choice of work. The Right against Exploitation bans human trafficking, forced labour, and child labour. The Right to Freedom of Religion allows people to follow any religion and bans religious teaching in government institutions. Cultural and Educational Rights let minority groups protect their language and culture and run their own schools. The Right to Constitutional Remedies lets people go to court if their rights are violated.
Human Rights are the basic rights every person should have. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations in 1948. It lists 30 rights like the right to life, property, work, and education. It also includes the right to freedom of speech, movement, and family life. These rights apply to everyone in the world. Human rights protect people and help countries develop in a fair and free way. The Human Rights Commission checks if these rights are followed and hears complaints when they are not.
Environmental degradation harms human rights. When nature is damaged, people may lose access to clean air, water, food, or homes. Poor communities suffer the most. Countries and companies must prevent this harm. Courts and laws help people get justice when harm is done to them.
The Constitution also lists duties for citizens. These include respecting the nation, protecting nature, and helping others. Value education teaches children honesty, respect, and kindness. It helps them choose what is right. Moral education teaches the difference between good and bad behaviour. Character education helps children grow into responsible people. Environmental ethics teaches us to care for nature and think about how our actions affect the planet. It says that nature has value and should be protected for everyone’s future.
Textbook solutions
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Seventh fundamental duty reminds us:
A. To safeguard public property and renounce violence
B. To protect and improve the natural environment
C. To defend the country and render national service
D. None of these
Answer: B. To protect and improve the natural environment
2. UNICEF was created by the United Nations on December 11, ………..
A. 1945
B. 1946
C. 1944
D. 1942
Answer: B. 1946
Very Short Answer Questions
1. What are rights?
Answer:Rights are those essential conditions of life without which no man can lead a full, happy and purposeful life. These are reasonable claims of persons recognized by society and sanctioned by law.
2. What is the need of rights?
Answer: Rights are necessary because they provide the conditions which are essential for the development of the inherent qualities in man and to secure his all-round growth. They are also needed for the very sustenance of democracy, ensuring citizens have the right to vote and be elected, express their views, form political parties, and take part in political activities. Rights protect minorities from the oppression of the majority and serve as guarantees when things go wrong. Additionally, rights check the arbitrary use of power by the government
3. What do you mean by value education?
Answer: Value education is the process of teaching and learning about the values that guide our behavior and decision-making. It encompasses a wide range of topics, including moral development, citizenship, personal and social development, and cultural awareness.
4. Define moral education.
Answer: Moral education is a process aimed at fostering the development of ethical values, principles, and behaviors in individuals. Morals as socio-legal-religious norms are supposed to help people behave responsibly.
5. Give one merit of value education.
Answer: One merit of value education is that it helps in promoting social and natural integration.
Short Answer Questions
1. What do you mean by human rights?
Answer: Human rights are those essential conditions of life without which no man can lead a full, happy, and purposeful life. These are reasonable claims of persons recognized by society and sanctioned by law. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirms the dignity and rights of all human beings, based on principles expressed in the UN Charter. Several rights have been described in the 30 articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, including the right to life, freedom from discrimination, freedom from slavery and torture, and rights to equality, education, work, and participation in government
2. What does fundamental duty say to protect the environment?
Answer: The seventh fundamental duty reminds citizens to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures. This duty serves as a reminder of the moral and civic responsibilities of every citizen to contribute to the nation’s well-being and uphold its values.
3. What do you mean by Right of Freedom?
Answer: The Right to Freedom is a fundamental human right that includes the freedom to express oneself, assemble peacefully, form associations or unions, move and reside throughout India, and practice any profession or carry on any occupation. Article 19 of the Indian Constitution provides six fundamental freedoms:
(i) Freedom of speech and expression.
(ii) Freedom to assemble peacefully and without arms.
(iii) Freedom to form associations or unions.
(iv) Freedom of movement throughout India.
(v) Freedom to reside and settle in any part of India.
(vi) Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation.
4. Explain the Right against Exploitation.
Answer : The Right against Exploitation is a fundamental human right that ensures protection from any form of exploitation. Under this right, two main declarations have been made. First, traffic in human beings, including “begar” or any other form of forced labour, is prohibited. This implies that no individual can be made to work against their will without payment, and the sale and purchase of women, men, and children are banned. Second, the employment of children below the age of 14 years in factories, mines, or other hazardous work is prohibited. Child labour is considered a form of exploitation and is therefore illegal under this right.
5. What is the significance of human rights?
Answer : The significance of human rights lies in their ability to support citizens in thinking freely about social, national, and environmental problems while seeking remedies for them. Human rights play an essential role in facilitating and encouraging sustainable development within a country. They also empower citizens to take decisions and shape their lifestyles in ways that promote better environmental conditions. Furthermore, human rights ensure that citizens live in a healthy and pollution-free environment. The growth and all-round development of a nation depend on the growth of its citizens, which is only possible when the constitution provides them with all the necessary human rights.
Long Answer Questions
1. Write a note on the human rights?
Answer : Human rights are described as essential conditions of life without which individuals cannot lead a full, happy, and purposeful life. These rights are recognized by society and sanctioned by law. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations in 1948, affirming the dignity and rights of all human beings. This declaration includes principles expressed in the UN Charter and consists of 30 articles detailing various rights. These rights encompass the right to life, freedom from discrimination, freedom from slavery and torture, the right to recognition before the law, equality before the law, the right to an effective judiciary, freedom from arbitrary detention, the right to public hearing, the presumption of innocence, the right to privacy, freedom of movement, the right to asylum, the right to nationality, the right to marriage and family, the right to own property, freedom of thought and religion, freedom of opinion and expression, freedom of assembly and association, the right to participate in government, the right to social security, the right to work, the right to rest, the right to an adequate standard of living, the right to education, the right to participate in cultural life, and the right to a social and international order. Human rights support citizens in thinking freely on social, national, and environmental problems and seeking remedies. They facilitate sustainable development and ensure a healthy and pollution-free environment for citizens. The growth and all-round development of citizens depend on the provision of these rights.
2. How are human rights denied because of environmental degradation?
Answer : Environmental degradation significantly impacts the enjoyment of various human rights, including the rights to life, health, food, water, and housing. States have clear obligations to prevent environmental harm that affects human rights. Marginalized and impoverished communities often bear the brunt of environmental degradation, facing health issues from pollution, loss of livelihoods, and displacement due to climate change. International human rights mechanisms address environmental aspects of various rights, with the Human Rights Council recognizing the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment in 2021. Businesses also have a responsibility to respect human rights and avoid causing environmental harm through their operations. Ensuring access to justice and effective remedies for those affected by environmental harm is crucial, including enabling legal frameworks that guarantee rights to information, participation, and access to justice. Therefore, environmental degradation leads to the denial of human rights by affecting the basic necessities and well-being of individuals, particularly vulnerable communities.
3. Describe the role of fundamental duties in protecting environment.
Answer : The role of fundamental duties in protecting the environment is outlined under one of the eleven Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens, specifically mentioned in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution. Among these duties, the seventh duty emphasizes the responsibility of every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures. This serves as a reminder to citizens of their moral and civic responsibilities toward contributing to the nation’s well-being and upholding its values. These duties warn citizens against anti-national and anti-social activities that may harm the environment and inspire them to promote a sense of discipline and commitment toward environmental protection. Additionally, these duties help courts examine and determine the constitutional validity of laws related to environmental conservation. Through this framework, fundamental duties play an essential role in fostering awareness and action among citizens to safeguard the environment.
4. Define environmental ethics. Why it is important for environment?
Answer : Environmental ethics is defined as a branch that focuses on the relationship between humans and their natural environment. It adopts a holistic approach to understanding and evaluating the moral obligations humans have to protect and preserve the environment. Environmental ethics seeks to balance the interests of both humans and the environment, recognizing their interdependence and intrinsic value. It draws upon various ethical theories, such as consequentialism, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics, to provide a framework for understanding human actions’ moral implications on the environment. Additionally, it incorporates insights from fields like philosophy, economics, ecology, and law to offer a comprehensive evaluation of environmental issues. Environmental ethics is important because it promotes sustainable practices and encourages individuals to become more aware of the impact their actions have on the environment. It helps build better relationships with nature by recognizing its intrinsic value rather than viewing it merely as a resource. Furthermore, it advocates for environmentally friendly practices, supports the development of better public policies and laws, and encourages people to think beyond their immediate needs to consider the long-term implications of their actions. By doing so, environmental ethics plays a crucial role in ensuring the preservation and protection of the environment and its resources.
5. What do you mean by value education? How value education is important for us?
Answer : Value education refers to the process of teaching and learning about the values that guide behavior and decision-making. It encompasses a wide range of topics, including moral development, citizenship, personal and social development, and cultural awareness. Value education aims to develop traits such as honesty, integrity, empathy, and respect for others while guiding individuals to understand the difference between right and wrong and make ethical decisions. It fosters a sense of social responsibility, encouraging actions that contribute to the common good, and promotes understanding and appreciation of different cultures and traditions to create a more inclusive and harmonious society.
Value education is important because it addresses the need for moral awareness to orient advancements in science and technology toward the welfare of humanity. It helps rediscover common values to unite individuals amidst the decline of traditional values. Teachers often pass values to students consciously or unconsciously through their conduct, making a formally planned value education program essential. Such education assists students in developing the ability to make proper choices in complicated situations involving values. It also assumes special significance in addressing issues like juvenile delinquency and helps awaken curiosity, develop proper interests, attitudes, and values, and enhance the capacity to think and judge oneself. Furthermore, value education promotes social and natural integration and prepares students to face future moral challenges independently. Its objectives include the full development of a child’s personality in physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects, inculcation of good manners, responsible citizenship, respect for individual dignity, patriotism, national integration, tolerance toward different religious faiths, and a sense of brotherhood at social, national, and international levels. Thus, value education plays a vital role in shaping individuals into responsible and ethical members of society.
Extras
Additional questions and answers
1. What do you understand by constitutional remedies?
Answer : Constitutional remedies refer to the Right to Constitutional Remedies provided in Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, which makes other rights effective. It allows citizens to seek remedy through courts when any of their Fundamental Rights are violated.
46. Explain the key recommendations of the National Policy on Education 1986 regarding value education.
Answer : The National Policy on Education 1986 strongly recommended the need for value education due to the following reasons:
- Tremendous advances in science and technology have resulted in a complete change in the lifestyle of the people.
- Science and technology is being used to produce weapons of mass destruction, endangering the very existence of the human race instead of using it for the betterment of human life.
- There has been an erosion of traditional values.
- Life in the future is going to be faster and more complex, requiring students to face moral situations where they may need to take their own decisions instead of depending on others.
- The present youth faces special problems as they question the conduct of elders, especially political leaders, and do not see the relevance of the values preached.
Additional MCQs
1. Rights are described as ______ conditions of life.
A. essential
B. optional
C. superficial
D. occasional
Answer: A. essential
58. Education inculcates ______ values.
A. ethical
B. legal
C. financial
D. political
Answer: A. ethical
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