Indian National Movement: NBSE class 9 social science chapter 4

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Get notes, questions, solutions, textual answers, pdf, extras, for Chapter 4: Indian National Movement, which is a part of the social science class 9 syllabus of students studying under the Nagaland Board of School Education. However, these notes should be used only for references and additions/modifications should be made as per the requirements.

Indian National movement class 9 NBSE social science

INTRODUCTION: It is ironic that the establishment of British rule in India gave birth to nationalism in India. First and foremost, India was unified politically for the first time under the British. A uniform legal system, uniform currency, and a uniform system of administration made Indians think of India as one nation. The spread and imposition of western education, and the use of English as a common language produced unity of thought, feelings, and ideas. There was a rediscovery of India’s glorious past that revived pride and self-respect among the Indians.

The modern means of communication, the role of the press and literature, and the works of the reformers contributed greatly to the growth of nationalism. Above all, was the realisation that the British were exploiting India’s economic resources for their own benefit. They were not paying any heed to education, health, sanitation, irrigation, and industry. The British followed a policy of discrimination against Indians in their own country. More Englishmen were in the legislative assemblies and civil services. Last, but not least, was the racial arrogance and racial discrimination practised by the British. They established exclusive clubs for English, they tried to strangle the press with various acts (Press Act of 1878 and the Arms Act of 1878). An English offender could not be tried in the court of an Indian judge. All these factors led to a reawakening in India and nationalism became a huge mass movement for complete independence.

I. Choose the correct answer

1. The first session of the Congress was held in :

Answer: b) Bombay, 1885

2. “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it” was a slogan given by :

Answer: d) Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak

3. When was Bengal partitioned?

Answer: (a) 1905

4. The famous ‘Dandi March’ of Gandhiji began on :

Answer: d) None of the above

5. The slogan “Do or Die” was given to the nation by :

Answer: c) Mahatma Gandhi

6. Which national leader revived Ganapati and Shivaji festivals in Maharashtra?

Answer: b) B.G. Tilak

7. When was the Civil Disobedience Movement finally called off?

Answer: d) 1934

II. Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Who was the first President of Indian National Congress?

Answer: Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee was the first President of the Indian National Congress.

2. What was the attitude of the British Government towards the Indian National Congress in the beginning? Why did it change later?

Answer: The British Government backed the formation of the Indian National Congress. It was a retired Englishman Mr Allan Octavian Hume who was instrumental in its formation. He wanted INC to act live a safety valve to prevent the outbreak of a popular revolt due to discontentment amongst Indians.

The attitude of the British later changed towards INC as it ironically became a mass national movement.

3. Why did the leaders of the Indian National Congress want the association with Britain in the beginning and not separation?

Answer: They believed that if public opinion was created and organised and popular demands presented to the authorities through petitions, meetings, resolutions and speeches, the authorities would concede these demands gradually. They had full faith in the good intentions of the British Government.

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7. When was the Muslim League founded? Who were its leaders?

Answer: The Muslim League was founded on December 30, 1906. Its leaders were Agha Khan and Nawab
Salimullah of Dacca.

8. When did Gandhiji enter Indian politics and what were the two new weapons he used in the struggle for independence?

Answer: Gandhiji entered Indian politics in the year 1915. His two weapons were non-violence and Satyagraha.

9. Mention two aims of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Answer: The aims of this movement were to redress the wrongs done to Punjab and Turkey and to achieve the aim of Swaraj.

II. Short Answer Type Questions

1. Why is the first phase of the National Movement called the ‘Moderate Phase?’

Answer: The first phase of the National Movement called the ‘Moderate Phase’ because of the following reasons:

I. They believed that if public opinion was created and organised and popular demands presented to the authorities, they would concede these demands gradually.
II. The Moderates had full faith in the good intentions of the British and wanted reforms within the British Government.

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4. How did the National Movement become a mass movement after 1919? [HOTS]

Answer: To protest against the arrests of Gandhiji and two prominent Congress leaders, a large crowd gathered at Jallianwala Bagh on April 13, 1919. General Dyer, with his troops, entered the park, and without giving any warning, he ordered his troops to fire. Dyer left 1000 dead and more than 2000 wounded. It sent a wave of anger and shock throughout the country. This prompted Gandhiji and the Congress to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement and people. Thus, the National Movement become a mass movement after 1919.

5. What were the main aims of the Muslim League?

Answer: The main aims of the Muslim League were:

a) To promote, among the Muslims of India, feelings of loyalty to the British Government and to remove any misconception that may arise due to the intentions of the Government with regard to Indian Muslims.
b) To protect and advance the political rights of the Muslims in India and respectfully represent their needs and aspirations to the Government.
c) To prevent the rise among the Muslims of India of any feeling of hostility towards other communities without prejudice to the aforesaid object of the league.

6. ‘Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.’ Explain.

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation. On January 31, 1930, he sent a letter to Lord Irwin, the Viceroy, stating eleven demands. The most important demand was to abolish the salt tax. Lord Irwin refused any sort of negotiation. So Gandhiji began the Dandi March. Civil Disobedience began with Gandhiji breaking the Salt Law. He had started with only a few followers, but thousands of men and women joined him as he marched forward. His ‘Dandi March ‘aroused the whole nation.

IV. Long Answer Type Questions

1. Discuss the impact and significance of the Boycott and Swadeshi Movement.

Answer: The partition of Bengal created widespread dissatisfaction and discontent all over the country. This indignation all over the country created a turbulent atmosphere and led to the Boycott and Swadeshi Movements. “Swadeshi” means “of one’s own country.” It aimed at the promotion of indigenous industries and the boycott of British goods. The movements spread to almost all parts of the country. Shops selling foreign goods were picketed. Students also played an important part in the movement. The national movement became a mass movement. The movement gave a stimulus to the growth of indigenous industries and crafts. Swadeshi factories came into existence everywhere.

2. Which factors contributed to the awakening of national consciousness among the Indian people? [HOTS]

Answer: The factors that contributed to the awakening of national consciousness among the Indian people were:

i. India was unified politically for the first time under the British. A uniform legal system, uniform currency, and a uniform system of administration made Indians think of India as one nation.
ii. The spread and imposition of western education, and the use of English as a common language produced unity of thought, feelings, and ideas.
iii. There was a rediscovery of India’s glorious past that revived pride and self-respect among the Indians.
iv. The modern means of communication, the role of the press and literature, and the works of the reformers contributed greatly to the growth of nationalism.
v. Above all was the realisation that the British were exploiting India’s economic resources for their own benefit.
vi. The British followed a policy of discrimination against the Indians in their own country. More Englishmen were in the legislative assemblies and civil services.

3. What did the National Movement try to achieve in its Moderate phase (1885 – 1905)?

Answer: The moderates believed in constitutional agitation and slow, orderly political progress. They believed that if public opinion was created and organised and popular demands were presented to the authorities through petitions, meetings, resolutions, and speeches, the authorities would gradually concede these demands. The Moderates had full faith in the good intentions of the British government. They wanted reforms within the British government. Prominent moderate or early nationalist leaders were: W.C. Bonnerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, S.N. Banerjea, G.K. Gokhale, and others.

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6. Describe the main features of the Quit India Movement.

Answer: The main features of the Quit India Movement are:

i) It authorised Gandhiji to launch the Quit India Movement against the British on non-violent lines and on the widest possible scale. Gandhiji raised the slogan ‘Do or Die.’
ii) A large number of congressmen were also put behind bars. The people were leaderless, unorganised, unprepared, and undirected. So the movement took a violent turn.
iii) The movement became a popular upsurge, and the whole country rose to overthrow British Rule. It was the last mass uprising against British rule in India.
iv) There was much tension, the government was alarmed and became nervous. It adopted a repressive policy to suppress the movement.
v) By using repressive measures, the government succeeded in crushing the movement within a few weeks.
vi) The revolt was short-lived but very intensive. About 10,000 people died in the firing and about 70,000 were put behind the bars.

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6 thoughts on “Indian National Movement: NBSE class 9 social science chapter 4”

  1. The Notes here is well understood and so precise. Yet it is unorganised and does not look modern. Better if the notes can be downloaded in pdf format. So that even without net once downloaded can be easily assessible and easy to comprehend. Requesting the honourable editorial team to play furnished in pdf file as soon as possible

    Editor’s response

    Thank you for your feedback. You can download the chapter in pdf format by clicking on the PDF icon found in the beginning of the chapter. However, it is only accessible to registered users.

  2. THANK YOU SO MUCH ONLINEFREENOTES FOR THE GENEROUS ANSWERS I WAS GOING TO FAIL IN MY EXAM BUT YOU GUYS SAVED ME THANK YOU SOOOOO MUCH AGAIN MAY GOD BLESS YOU All

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