Get summaries, questions, answers, solutions, notes, extras, PDF and guide of Chapter 16 People as Resources, NBSE Class 9 Environmental Education textbook, which is part of the syllabus of students studying under Nagaland Board. These solutions, however, should only be treated as references and can be modified/changed.
If you notice any errors in the notes, please mention them in the comments
Summary
People are important for any country. They help in making things and providing services. When we talk about people as resources, we mean their skills and abilities to work. People become more useful when they get education, training, and healthcare. This is called human resource development. A healthy and educated person can work better and help the economy grow.
There are different types of work people do. Some work in farms or mines. These are primary activities. Others make finished goods from raw materials. These are secondary activities. There are also jobs in services like teaching, banking, and transport. These are tertiary activities. Jobs that earn money are economic activities. Jobs done for free at home are non-economic activities.
Men and women often do different kinds of work. Men usually work outside the home. Women often handle domestic chores without pay. But women who work outside sometimes earn less than men. Education helps both men and women get better jobs. Better education and health improve the quality of life for everyone.
The quality of a population means how healthy, skilled, and educated people are. Good health helps a person work well. Health is not just about being free from illness but also about physical and mental well-being. Countries try to provide good healthcare to all citizens. Many hospitals and doctors are available, especially in cities.
Education is very important. It helps people understand their rights and duties. Schools teach children to become good citizens. The government has started many programs to educate all children. These include free meals at school and special attention to girls’ education. Education helps people find jobs and live better lives.
Unemployment happens when people want to work but cannot find jobs. Sometimes, too many people work on a task that needs fewer workers. This is disguised unemployment. Seasonal unemployment happens when work is available only during certain times of the year. Unemployment causes problems like poverty and frustration among people. It affects the whole country negatively.
Improving education and health can reduce unemployment. Good policies can help people find jobs. People need to be trained in new skills to work in different sectors. The main goal is to make sure everyone can contribute to the country’s growth.
Textbook solutions
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Quarrying and manufacturing is included in……
(a) Primary
(b) Tertiary
(c) Secondary
(d) Non-economic
Answer : C. Secondary
2. All those activities which give income to the people are known as……
(a) Non-economic activities
(b) Primary activities
(c) Secondary activities
(d) Economic activities
Answer : D. Economic activities
3. It is a situation under which a person is willing to work but fails to find any gainful work or job.
(a) Unemployment
(b) Poverty
(c) Disguised unemployment
(d) Non-economic activity
Answer : A. Unemployment
4. Teaching is a……
(a) Non-economic activity
(b) Economic activity
(c) Tertiary activity
(d) Primary activity
Answer : C. Tertiary activity
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Define resources.
Answer : Resources are assets that may be utilized in producing goods and services which make contributions to enhancing the standard of living of people.
2. Define health.
Answer : Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
3. What are economic activities?
Answer : Economic activities are those activities which add value to the nation’s income. They produce a new well and offer a service.
4. Define non-economic activities.
Answer : Non-economic activities are those activities which do not give income in return and do not contribute to the flow of goods and services in the economy.
5. What do you mean by quality of population?
Answer : Quality of population refers to the various aspects that determine the overall well-being, health, and productivity of a population. The most important parts of the population’s quality are the literacy rate, health, and skills.
6. Define unemployment.
Answer : Unemployment is a situation when a person is willing to work but fails to find any gainful work or job.
Short Answer Questions
1. What is the importance of education?
Answer : The importance of education is as follows:
(i) It makes better citizens by opening our minds, expanding our horizons, and enabling us to understand our duties as citizens while encouraging us to follow them. An educated person is considered a better citizen.
(ii) It ensures a productive future by securing the future of those who receive good education and by increasing productivity through the acquisition of new skills and talents.
(iii) It spreads awareness by informing individuals about their rights and the services they can access, and on a basic level, it teaches them to differentiate between right and wrong.
(iv) It helps in decision-making by enabling individuals to take the right decisions and avoid losses.
(v) It strengthens democracy as educated citizens are aware of their rights and duties and can participate in democracy in various ways.
Long Answer Questions
1. Define unemployment. What are the major types of unemployment prevailing in India?
Answer : Unemployment is a situation when a person is willing to work but fails to find any gainful work or job. The major types of unemployment prevailing in India are: +
(a) Disguised Unemployment: In this, more people are engaged in an activity than required. The people who are actually engaged in such an activity appear to be employed but are not fully employed. In such cases, even if the surplus laborers are removed from work, production does not fall. In India, the problem is particularly acute in the agriculture sector.
(b) Seasonal Unemployment: In this, people are employed during some parts of the year and remain without work during the rest of the year owing to the seasonal nature of work. For example, agriculture in India is a seasonal activity. Some other types of unemployment include Structural Unemployment, Educated Unemployment, and Technical Unemployment.
2. Give three measures taken by Government to improve literacy condition in India.
Answer : Three measures taken by the Government to improve literacy conditions in India are:
(i) Government had established Navodaya Vidyalaya in each district.
(ii) There is a provision made for providing universal access, retention, and quality in elementary education with a special emphasis on girls.
(iii) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of six to fourteen.
3. ‘Improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of a country’. Give reasons.
Answer : Improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of a country because to earn maximum profits is the aim of any firm, and no firm would be induced to employ people who might not work efficiently as a healthy worker. Henceforth, improvement in the health status of the population ensures that workers are more productive and contribute effectively to the economy. Additionally, our national policy aims at improving the accessibility of healthcare, family welfare, and nutritional services with a special focus on the underprivileged segment of the population. Over the last five decades, India has built up a vast health infrastructure and developed manpower required at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels in both government and private sectors.
4. What is the main aim of ‘Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’?
Answer : The main aim of ‘Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’ is to provide universal access, retention, and quality in elementary education with a special emphasis on girls. It also focuses on ensuring elementary education for all children in the age group of six to fourteen. Furthermore, it aims at enhancing enrolment, retention, and attendance through initiatives like the Mid Day Meal Scheme and focuses on girls’ education through the National Programme for Education of girls at the Elementary level.
5. Name the factors on which the quality of population depends. How does the quality of population decide the growth rate of the country? Explain.
Answer : The factors on which the quality of population depends are literacy rate, health, and skill formation. The quality of population decides the growth rate of the country because if people remain illiterate, they would find it difficult to adjust to new production techniques and would not be able to contribute much to the economy. On the other hand, educated citizens can make the best use of the resources, can educate, and actively contribute to the development of the country. If people are unhealthy, they would be less productive because of increased absenteeism and the lesser ability to work. If the workers are provided training, which may be formal or informal, that would improve their productivity and help in increasing the production of the economy.
6. “Employment structure is characterised by self-employment in the primary sector”. Explain the statement.
Answer : The employment structure being characterised by self-employment in the primary sector means that a significant portion of the workforce is engaged in activities closely related to the natural environment, such as gathering, hunting, fishing, lumbering, grazing, farming, and mining. These occupations often involve individuals working independently or within family units, relying directly on natural resources for their livelihoods. This type of employment is typical in sectors where people utilize raw materials from nature to produce goods or commodities.
7. ‘Health should be treated as an important asset for human capital’. Analyse the statement with reference to our national health policy.
Answer : Health should be treated as an important asset for human capital because it determines the overall well-being, productivity, and ability of individuals to contribute to the economy. A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, is termed as health. The health of a person helps them realize their potential and the ability to fight illness. An unhealthy person becomes a liability for the family, organization, and the country. To earn maximum profits, firms aim to employ people who work efficiently, which highlights the importance of a healthy workforce. Hence, improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of the country.
Our national health policy aims at improving the accessibility of healthcare, family welfare, and nutritional services, with a special focus on the underprivileged segment of the population. Over the last five decades, India has built up a vast health infrastructure and developed manpower required at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels in both government and private sectors. This focus on health ensures that individuals can actively participate in economic activities and contribute effectively to society.
The key focus points of the national health policy include:
(a) The welfare of the family
(b) Accessibility to healthcare
(c) Nutrition to every individual
(d) Building good health infrastructure
Improvement in health enhances workplace wellbeing, job satisfaction, and resilience, making individuals more effective and productive. Thus, health plays a crucial role in shaping human capital and ensuring economic progress.
8. Explain any three effects of unemployment.
Answer : Three effects of unemployment are:
- Unemployment leads to loss of human resources and also leads to underutilization of natural resources.
- It generates poverty, as people fall under heavy debts and their economic problems multiply.
- It causes many social problems, such as terrorism, dishonesty, immorality, gambling, bribery, theft, and robbery.
9. Which two states in India have poor health facilities in comparison with others? State the ways by which health facilities in these states can be improved.
Answer : Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are two Indian states that have historically faced challenges in providing adequate healthcare services.
To improve health facilities in these states, several strategies can be implemented:
- Enhance Healthcare Infrastructure: Investing in the construction and modernization of healthcare facilities, including primary health centres, community health centres, and district hospitals, is essential. This involves ensuring the availability of necessary medical equipment and supplies to provide comprehensive care.
- Recruit and Train Healthcare Professionals: Addressing the shortage of qualified medical staff by recruiting and retaining doctors, nurses, and allied health professionals is crucial. Implementing continuous medical education and training programs can improve the quality of care.
- Improve Accessibility: Developing transportation infrastructure and mobile health units can ensure that remote and rural populations have access to healthcare services.
- Strengthen Preventive Care and Public Health Programs: Implementing programs focused on immunization, maternal and child health, nutrition, and health education can reduce the incidence of preventable diseases.
- Increase Health Financing: Allocating adequate financial resources to the health sector and ensuring efficient utilization can improve service delivery.
- Promote Public-Private Partnerships: Collaborating with private healthcare providers can enhance service availability and quality.
- Implement Health Information Systems: Developing robust health information systems can improve data collection, monitoring, and decision-making processes.
- Community Engagement and Awareness: Educating communities about health issues and involving them in health planning can lead to better health outcomes.
Extras
Additional questions and answers
1. What do you understand by resource?
Answer : A resource refers to anything which can be transformed in a way that it becomes more valuable and useful. Resources are assets that may be utilized in producing goods and services, contributing to enhancing the standard of living of people.
33. What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Answer : Health plays a significant role in human capital formation as it contributes to the overall well-being, productivity, and quality of the population. A healthy person can realize their potential and has the ability to fight illness, making them more productive. If people are unhealthy, they would be less productive due to increased absenteeism and a lesser ability to work. Improvement in the health status of the population has been a priority for the country because it ensures that individuals can work efficiently. Healthy workers contribute better to economic activities, help utilize resources effectively, and actively participate in the development of the country.
Additional MCQs
1. Anything that can be transformed to become more useful is known as?
A. Capital
B. Resource
C. Asset
D. Commodity
Answer: B. Resource
52. Investment in human resources is comparable to investing in ____.
A. Shares
B. Land
C. Bonds
D. All above
Answer: D. All above
Ron’e Dutta is a journalist, teacher, aspiring novelist, and blogger who manages Online Free Notes. An avid reader of Victorian literature, his favourite book is Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. He dreams of travelling the world. You can connect with him on social media. He does personal writing on ronism.
Get notes of other boards, classes, and subjects