Use of natural resources should be managed with great caution and efficiency if they are to be kept safe for future generations. In Science Class 10 Chapter 16: Sustainable Management of Resources (NCERT, NBSE, SEBA, TBSE etc.), you will learn that Negative effects on the environment may result from the careless use of resources like these, such as leaving lights on or relying on nonrenewable energy sources. Sustainable development requires that we make use of renewable energy sources like wind and sunlight. Get here the questions, answers, textbook solutions, PDF, MCQs of this chapter.
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1. What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment-friendly?
Answer: To become more environmentally friendly, we can incorporate the 5R’s of environmental protection into our daily routines, such as:
(a) By lowering our resource consumption:
(i) Using less water and preventing water waste when brushing teeth, taking a bath, and doing other activities that use water.
(ii) Using public transportation more frequently and walking or cycling to nearby destinations will help reduce the use of fossil fuels.
(iii) Restricting the use of electronic devices like air conditioners, vacuums, heaters, and other items that use a lot of electricity.
(b) By recycling waste items like plastic or glass containers and water to cut down on waste production.
(c) By organising waste into various bins so that it can be recycled.
(d) By refusing to use single-use plastic bags or packaging materials, which create waste that cannot decompose.
(e) By making products out of waste that are useful, such as pots made from broken utensils or decorative items made from waste paper.
2. What would be the advantages of exploiting resources with short-term aims?
Answer: The following are some advantages for the current generation of resource exploitation:
(i) It would assist in meeting everyone’s basic needs, such as food, water, and shelter.
(ii) It would promote rapid industrialization and development in the economy.
But such overuse of these resources will eventually cause their depletion. Future generations will be denied the advantages of these resources as a result.
3. How would these advantages differ from the advantages of using a long-term perspective in managing our resources?
Answer: Only the current generation benefits from resource exploitation with short-term goals because they use the resources for their own growth and development. However, long-term, sustainable resource use enables both the current and following generations to use the resources to meet their needs. Additionally, it guarantees a steady flow of resources. Therefore, we must use the resources with long-term goals in order to benefit our future generations.
4. Why do you think there should be equitable distribution of resources? What forces would be working against an equitable distribution of our resources?
Answer: If resources were distributed fairly, everyone would have access to them and be able to use them to their advantage. The following forces would be opposed to a fair resource distribution:
(i) Geographical and climatic elements, such as soil type and rainfall patterns.
(ii) Economical aspects, such as the power to influence of wealthy and influential individuals.
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1. Why should we conserve forests and wildlife?
Answer: Forests are hotspots for biodiversity. In order to preserve biodiversity, it is crucial to preserve forests and wildlife. The preservation of forest resources guarantees both the current and future generations’ access to them.
2. Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests.
Answer: The following are effective steps to preserve forests:
(i) The establishment of national parks and wildlife refuges, which limit human interference.
(ii) Involving locals in forest preservation.
(iii) Restricting the clearing of land for the construction of roads, dams, hotels, or mines in order to advance development
(iv) Driving through tree plantations
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1. Find out about the traditional systems of water harvesting/management in your region.
Answer: In our area, traditional water harvesting techniques include tanks, wells, tube wells, etc.
2. Compare the above system with the probable systems in hilly/mountainous areas or plains or plateau regions.
Answer: We use tanks and wells to collect water because we are from the plains. Dams and canal irrigation are frequently used in hilly areas.
i. Dams are earthen embankments with a crescent shape that collect water. They are constructed of concrete and have enormous capacity to hold river water flowing from the mountains.
ii. In hilly areas, canal irrigation is also widely used. In Himachal Pradesh, water is harvested using the Kulhs canal irrigation system. In order to accomplish this, rainwater is collected in a stream and directed down the hillsides into man-made channels.
3. Find out the source of water in your region/locality. Is water from this source available to all people living in that area?
Answer: In our area, groundwater is the primary source of water. Every resident of the area has access to it. In our area, water is also provided by the municipal corporation.
Exercise
1. What changes would you suggest in your home in order to be environment- friendly?
Answer: By using resources wisely and producing less waste, we can make our homes more environmentally friendly.
The five R’s can help us accomplish the same thing.
(i) Reduce: We can cut down on our household’s consumption of the following:
a. When not in use, we should turn off lights and fans to reduce our use of electricity.
b. By taking shorter showers, we can reduce the amount of water we use.
c. By repairing any leaky taps, we can lessen the amount of water that is wasted.
d. We ought to use fewer plastics.
e. We ought to lessen food waste.
(ii) Reuse: Reusing plastic or glass packaging containers is a good idea. Vegetable washing water can be recycled and used to water plants. We ought to try to reuse old clothes, dishes, and other items.
(iii) Refuse: Since single-use plastic bags and packaging materials create non-biodegradable waste, we should say no to them.
(iv) Recycle: In order to create new materials from recycled ones, we must separate recyclable waste from non-recyclable waste.
(v) Repurpose: We can turn some wastes into useful products, such as pots made from broken utensils or decorative items made from waste paper.
2. Can you suggest some changes in your school which would make it environment- friendly?
Answer: The following adjustments can make our school more environmentally friendly:
(i) When not in use, classroom lights and fans should be turned off.
(ii) Use different dust bins for dry waste, such as paper or plastic, and separate them from wet waste.
(iii) The field can accommodate more tree plantings.
(iv) Tap leaks need to be fixed.
3. We saw in this chapter that there are four main stakeholders when it comes to forests and wildlife. Which among these should have the authority to decide the management of forest produce? Why do you think so?
Answer: Given their concern for preserving the forest, the wildlife and nature enthusiasts should be given the power to manage the forest’s produce. Additionally, they are independent of the local forests and have the necessary knowledge of them. To put the conservation measures into action, they can collaborate closely with the government’s forest department. Other parties involved, like those who live close to forests and business owners, use forest products. If they are given the power, it might result in the forest being used for other purposes.
4. How can you as an individual contribute or make a difference to the management of
a. Forests and wildlife
b. Water resources and
c. Coal and petroleum
Answer: The following are some ways that each of us can individually help to manage the resources:
(a) Forests and wildlife
(i) We should protest against deforestation and wildlife poaching.
(ii) We must work to create more effective agricultural methods that can stop the clearing of forests for agricultural purposes.
(iii) We need to use forest products wisely and prevent waste, especially when it comes to paper.
(b) Resources for water
(i) We need to fix any leaky faucets or pipes and be cautious when using water.
(ii) We should make an effort to use and conserve rainwater.
(iii) We ought to recycle water and make sure sewage is disposed of properly.
(c) Petroleum and coal
(i) We should avoid making unnecessary trips and instead opt for public transportation or carpooling to reduce our use of gasoline or diesel.
(ii) We should switch to alternative energy sources, such as LPG in place of coal for cooking and CNG in place of gasoline or diesel for vehicles.
(iii) We should utilise solar energy as much as possible for things like water heating, outdoor lighting, and other tasks.
5. What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources?
Answer: The following actions can be taken to decrease the use of natural resources:
(i) It’s important to prevent the waste of natural resources.
(ii) To prevent the needless felling of trees, we should recycle forest products like paper and use them again.
(iii) Rainwater collection is something we should do to use less groundwater.
(iv) To reduce the consumption of gasoline and diesel, we should practise carpooling and promote the use of public transportation.
(v) We should use alternative energy sources like solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower.
6. “We need to manage our resources.” List two reasons to justify this statement.
Answer: The two points listed below provide complete justification for the assertion that resource management is necessary:
i. There are finite amounts of resources on Earth. They are constrained. The resources are not also replenishable. As a result, we are unable to replenish the resources once they have all been used up.
ii. The second justification is that managing the resources will result in their distribution among all people equally.
7. What do the 3Rs refer to save the environment? Which one of these would be the best for the environment?
Answer: Reduce, Recycle, and Reuse are the three R’s. minimising energy waste is the best strategy.
8. What were the main reasons behind “Ganga Action Plan” which was initiated in1985?
Answer: With the primary goal of reducing pollution in the Ganga River, the Ganga Action Plan was launched. The three main motives were to divert and treat domestic sewage, improve the water quality by intercepting it, and to find the most seriously polluting facilities and stop their hazardous and industrial chemical waste from entering the river.
9. What was “Chipko Andolan”? How did this andolan people ultimately benefit the local and the environment?
Answer: Hug the Trees Movement, also known as the Chipko Andolan, was a demonstration against the clearing of the forest’s trees. The women of Reni village in the Garhwal region participated in this andolan by hugging the tree trunks and refusing to let the contractors cut them down.
The government was forced to stop cutting down forest trees and preserve them after this andolan quickly spread to other regions of the nation. Additionally, the environment was spared from harm. The local population benefited as well because they kept receiving food and other advantages from the forest.
10. What are the various factors which are damaging our forest?
Answer: The following are some of the various elements harming our forest:
i. Agriculture-related cultivation.
ii. Forests are frequently damaged by fire.
iii. A growing population requires enough space to live.
11. Write the harmful effects of using plastic bags on the environment. Suggest alternatives to plastic bags.
Answer: Yes, plastic bags are bad for the environment because they are non-biodegradable waste that cannot decompose, frequently cannot be recycled, and tend to upset the natural ecological balance. Their goods also contribute to a variety of environmental pollution. By using paper or cloth bags, we can reduce the use of plastic bags.
12. (a) Why should biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes be discarded in two separate dustbins?
(b) “Forests are biodiversity hotspots.” Give a reason to justify this statement.
Answer: (a) Dispose of both biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste in separate trash cans so that they can be picked up separately. At the point of generation, waste can be separated, allowing for efficient treatment and disposal. The composting process enables the biodegradable waste to naturally decompose. Waste that is not biodegradable can be recycled. If the two wastes are combined in one bin, they may mix and create toxic compounds that can pollute the environment.
(b) Forests are a hotspot for biodiversity. The number of species found in an area is a measure of its biodiversity. Being a haven for a variety of different life forms, including tiny microorganisms and fungi and large animals like lions and deer, forests are known as biodiversity hotspots.
13. List five things you have done over the last week to —
(a) Conserve our natural resources.
(b) Increase the pressure on our natural resources.
Answer: (a) To protect our natural resources, I took the following actions over the past week:
(i) When not in use, I turned off the lights, fans, and other electronics.
(ii) When brushing my teeth, taking a shower, and doing other activities that require water, I used less water and avoided wasting it.
(iii) Used waste paper to make practical products, like a pen stand.
(iv) Separated waste into bins for biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials.
(v) In my garden, I added new trees.
(iv) Preventing food waste.
(b) Over the past week, I engaged in the following activities that put more strain on the environment:
(i) printed some articles that I could have read on my computer.
(ii) Utilizing used plastic bags to transport goods.
(iii) Vacuumed the house to clean it.
(iv) We drove our car to school.
14. On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter, what changes would you incorporate in your lifestyle in a move towards sustainable use of our resources?
Answer: I’ll make the following lifestyle adjustments:
(i) Riding a bike to get to school.
(ii) Limit the use of electronic devices like air conditioners, vacuums, heaters, and other items that use a lot of electricity.
(iii) During the winter, geysers powered by solar energy are used to heat water.
(iv) Using public transportation more frequently and walking to nearby locations.
(v) Raise awareness of the importance of protecting our natural resources.
Tick (✓) the correct option
1. It is important to make small check dams across the flooded gullies because they:
(i) hold water for irrigation
(ii) hold water and prevent soil erosion
(iii) recharge groundwater
(iv) hold water permanently
Answer: (b) (ii) and (iii)
2. The important message conveyed by the ‘Chipko Movement’ is:
Answer: (a) to involve the community in forest conservation efforts
3. Arabari forest of Bengal is dominated by:
Answer: (b) sal
4. Khadins, Bundnis, Ahars and Kattas are ancient structures that are examples of:
Answer: (c) water harvesting
5. Select the eco-friendly activity among the following:
Answer: (d) using windmills to generate power for irrigation
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