Here you will find all the questions, solutions, answers, and notes of chapter 11 Working of Democracy of Social Science for class 10 students studying under Nagaland Board of School Education (NBSE). However, the study materials should be used only for references and nothing more. The notes can be modified/changed according to needs.
INTRODUCTION: In this chapter, you will learn more about democracy and how different aspects of society affects the system of democracy of a country like India, Democracy is affected by communalism (thinking that one religion is better and above another religion), gender division (thinking that women and men are different and they cannot do each other’s work), casteism (thinking one caste is better than another caste), etc.
Politicians take advantage of communalism, castism, etc. and try to win elections using these differences. Like you can see presently some political parties fight elections using the name of gods, caste, etc. These weaken the system of democracy and prevents real development.
Social divisions do exist in most of countries and their political expression is obvious and desirable in a democracy. It strengthens as well as weakens democracy. It all depends on a country’s citizens, the political parties and their leaders. If they place the nation above social differences, the unity, integrity and prosperity of a nation are ensured. If the social divisions are given priority, democracy and the very unity of a country are in jeopardy. In light of this, let us examine the three prominent social differences in our own country – Gender, religion and caste.
II. Very Short Answer Questions
1. Name a famous leader who was associated with Muslim League?
Answer: M.A. Jinnah was a famous leader who was associated with Muslim League.
2. Name one factor which influences Indian politics.
Answer: Casteism is one factor that influences Indian politics.
III. Short Answer Questions
1. What is the main demand of women organisations and activists regarding the reservation of seats for women in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies?
Answer: 33 per cent reservation of seats for women is the main demand of women organisations and activists regarding the reservation of seats for women in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies.
3. Mention any two problems faced by Dalits in our society.
Answer: Two problems faced by Dalits in our society are poverty and caste discrimination. They live in poverty because of the lack of economic opportunities. Furthermore, caste discrimination results in difficulty to adjust in society and live a respectable life.
IV. Long Answer Questions
1. Discuss the gender issue with respect to its political expression.
Answer: A prominent social division in our country is gender division. It is based on social expectations and stereotypes about women for centuries. They are made to believe that the main responsibility of women is housework and bringing up children. The main responsibility of men is to provide bread and butter to the family. As a result of the gender division of labour, women remained confined to the four walls of their houses. But gradually women organised and campaigned for their rights. These movements are collectively referred to as Feminist Movements. So we find that political expression of gender division helped to improve women’s role in public life. They are marching shoulder to shoulder with men in all walks of life. They are engineers, doctors, lawyers, scientists, executives, teachers in schools and colleges. They are also members of parliament.
2. State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine elections in India. [HOTS]
Answer: Two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine elections in India are:
I. No parliamentary constituency has the clear majority of one single caste. More than two castes generally inhabit a constituency. A candidate or a party needs to secure the confidence of more than one caste to win elections.
II. It is impossible to secure the votes of all the voters of a caste in a constituency. There are a host of other factors that count.
6. Explain the main features of communalism.
Answer: The features of communalism are:
I. Religion is the principal basis of the social community.
II. The followers of a particular religion belong to one community.
III. Fundamental interests – socio-economic and political interests – of a particular religious community are the same.
IV. People who follow different religions cannot belong to the same social community.
V. Whatever similarities are there among followers of different religions, these are superficial and insignificant.
VI. Interests of various religious communities are different and mutually conflicting.
V. The ultimate ideological conclusion is that people belonging to different religions cannot live together as equal citizens. Either one of them has to dominate the rest or they have to form different nations.
Extra/additional questions and answers/solutions
1. What is a Feminist Movement?
Answer: Women band together to fight for their inalienable rights. They advocate for voting rights, equal pay for equal labour, more educational and professional possibilities, equality in the family and personal life, and maternity leave in the workplace, among other things. The feminist movement refers to all of these movements as a whole.
10: What is the caste hierarchy?
Answer: Caste hierarchy is a social structure that divides all castes into higher and lower castes in relation to one another.
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