Get textual answers, explanations, solutions, notes, extras, MCQs, PDF of Chapter 14: ISE Class 12 English Language/Grammar (Total English) solved which comprises Conditional Sentences, Reflective Composition, Prepositions, and Specimen Paper-14. However, the educational materials should only be used for reference, and students are encouraged to make necessary changes.
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Conditional Sentences
ASSIGNMENT 1
Supply the correct form of the verbs given in brackets:
1. If he _______________ (eat) all the chocolates, he will be ill.
Answer: eats
Explanation: In this sentence, the “if” clause is describing a condition in the future. In English, when we use an “if” clause to talk about future conditions, we use the present simple tense. The verb “eat” becomes “eats” because the subject is “he,” which is singular. In the present simple tense, we add -s or -es to the verb when the subject is singular (he, she, or it).
2. If the baby _______________ (be) a girl, we are going to call her Mary.
Answer: is
Explanation: The “if” clause is again describing a possible condition in the future. We use the present simple tense in “if” clauses, and the verb “be” becomes “is” because the subject “the baby” is singular. In English, we match the verb to the subject’s number (singular or plural).
3. If she is late, we _______________ (go) without her.
Answer: will go
Explanation: The result clause in a conditional sentence describes what will happen if the condition in the “if” clause is met. When talking about future actions, we use “will” followed by the base form of the verb. Here, “will go” indicates a future action resulting from the condition “if she is late.”
4. If you come late, they _______________ not _______________ (let) you in.
Answer: will not let
Explanation: The result clause describes what will happen in the future. “Will not” (or “won’t”) is used to make a negative future statement, followed by the base form of the verb, “let.”
5. If Aditi _______________ (help) us, the job will only take an hour.
Answer: helps
Explanation: The “if” clause is in the present simple tense. “Help” becomes “helps” because “Aditi” is a singular subject. In present simple, we add -s to the verb for singular third-person subjects.
6. If they _______________ (like) the house, will they buy it?
Answer: like
Explanation: In conditional sentences, the “if” clause uses the present simple tense to describe the condition. “They” is plural, so the verb “like” remains in its base form without adding -s (we only add -s for singular third-person subjects).
7. If she _______________ (refuse) to help, we will have to manage without her.
Answer: refuses
Explanation: The “if” clause is in the present simple tense. The verb “refuse” becomes “refuses” because “she” is a singular subject, and we add -s to the verb for singular third-person subjects.
8. You can use my phone if yours _______________ not _______________ (work).
Answer: does not work
Explanation: In the present simple tense, we use “does not” (or “doesn’t”) to make negative sentences for singular subjects. The main verb “work” remains in its base form because “does” is already conjugated for the singular subject “yours” (short for “your phone”).
9. If your fingerprints are on the gun you _______________ (charge) with murder.
Answer: will be charged
Explanation: This sentence is in the passive voice. “Will be charged” indicates a future result of the condition. In passive voice, the structure is “will + be + past participle.” The subject (“you”) receives the action (“being charged”).
10. If he wants more money, he _______________ (have) to work harder.
Answer: will have
Explanation: In the result clause, we use “will” followed by the base form of the verb (“have”) to describe a future consequence. The “if” clause uses “wants” in the present simple tense because “he” is singular, so we add -s to the verb “want.”
ASSIGNMENT 2
In each of the following items, complete sentence B making it similar in meaning to sentence A.
1. (A) Unless she stops working so many hours, she will get ill.
(B) If she _______________.
Answer: If she does not stop working so many hours, she will get ill.
Explanation: “Unless” can be replaced by “if not” in conditional sentences. Here, “stops” becomes “does not stop” to maintain the meaning of the original sentence.
2. (A) Work late tonight and finish the report.
(B) If you _______________.
Answer: If you work late tonight, you will finish the report.
Explanation: This is a conditional instruction. The imperative “work late tonight” is rewritten as a conditional “if you work late tonight,” and the result is expressed clearly.
3. (A) I shall not forgive him unless he apologises to me.
(B) If he _______________.
Answer: If he does not apologise to me, I shall not forgive him.
Explanation: Similar to question 1, “unless” is replaced with “if not,” ensuring the sentence retains its original meaning.
4. (A) You cannot go abroad unless you have a valid passport.
(B) If you _______________.
Answer: If you do not have a valid passport, you cannot go abroad.
Explanation: “Unless” is replaced by “if not.” The condition of having a valid passport is maintained.
5. (A) You can catch the train provided you leave before noon.
(B) If you _______________.
Answer: If you leave before noon, you can catch the train.
Explanation: “Provided” is a synonym for “if,” so the sentence structure remains unchanged except for replacing “provided” with “if.”
6. (A) If we solve some of our environmental problems, we will be less prone to diseases.
(B) Unless we _______________.
Answer: Unless we solve some of our environmental problems, we will be more prone to diseases.
Explanation: The positive “if” statement is converted into a negative condition using “unless.” The result clause is adjusted accordingly to reflect the opposite condition.
7. (A) I will not ride a two-wheeler unless I have a helmet on.
(B) If I _______________.
Answer: If I do not have a helmet on, I will not ride a two-wheeler.
Explanation: “Unless” is replaced with “if not,” and the condition and result are rephrased to maintain the meaning.
8. (A) Unless you develop a healthy lifestyle, you will not live long.
(B) If you _______________.
Answer: If you do not develop a healthy lifestyle, you will not live long.
Explanation: “Unless” is replaced with “if not,” keeping the sentence consistent with the original meaning.
ASSIGNMENT 3
Supply the correct form of the verb given in brackets making the necessary changes:
1. If you asked him for two thousand rupees, what _______________ you _______________ (say)?
Answer: would you say
Explanation: This is a second conditional sentence, used to describe hypothetical situations. “Would” is used in the main clause, followed by the base form of the verb “say.”
2. I would be very grateful if you _______________ (sign) this document.
Answer: signed
Explanation: In second conditional sentences, the verb in the “if” clause is in the past simple form to indicate a hypothetical condition. Here, “sign” becomes “signed.”
3. If I _______________ (know) their address, I would give it to you.
Answer: knew
Explanation: Again, in the second conditional, the verb in the “if” clause is in the past simple form. “Know” changes to “knew” to indicate a hypothetical condition.
4. What _______________ you _______________ (do) if you found a thief in your house?
Answer: would you do
Explanation: This is a second conditional question. “Would” is used in the main clause, and the base form of the verb “do” follows it.
5. If you won a lottery, how _______________ you _______________ (spend) the money?
Answer: would you spend
Explanation: Similar to question 4, this is a second conditional question. “Would” is used with the base form “spend.”
6. If you _______________ (paint) the walls blue, the room would appear dark.
Answer: painted
Explanation: In the “if” clause of a second conditional sentence, the past simple is used to describe the hypothetical action. “Paint” changes to “painted.”
7. I _______________ (keep) an elephant for a pet if I could afford it.
Answer: would keep
Explanation: In the main clause of a second conditional sentence, “would” is followed by the base form of the verb. Here, “keep” remains in its base form after “would.”
8. I could tell you what this phrase means if I _______________ (know) French.
Answer: knew
Explanation: In the “if” clause of a second conditional, the past simple is used. “Know” changes to “knew” to indicate a hypothetical situation.
9. If I won a lottery, I _______________ (give) a grand party.
Answer: would give
Explanation: In the main clause of a second conditional, “would” is used with the base form of the verb. “Give” remains in its base form after “would.”
10. He could get that job if he _______________ (have) some experience.
Answer: had
Explanation: In the “if” clause of a second conditional, the past simple is used to describe the hypothetical situation. “Have” changes to “had.”
ASSIGNMENT 4
In each of the following items, complete sentence B making it similar in meaning to sentence A.
1. (A) We have no matches, so we cannot light a fire.
(B) If we had _______________.
Answer: If we had matches, we could light a fire.
Explanation: The sentence describes an unreal present condition. “Had” is used in the “if” clause to indicate the hypothetical situation, and “could” is used in the result clause to show what would happen.
2. (A) He smokes too much; perhaps that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
(B) If he didn’t _______________.
Answer: If he didn’t smoke so much, he could get rid of his cough.
Explanation: “If he didn’t” introduces the unreal condition, and “could” shows the possible result of the hypothetical change.
3. (A) I will give up my job when I win a lottery.
(B) If I won _______________.
Answer: If I won a lottery, I would give up my job.
Explanation: This sentence changes a real future event to a hypothetical situation using the second conditional. “Won” is the past simple form to indicate a hypothetical condition.
4. (A) She is very shy; that’s why she doesn’t enjoy parties.
(B) If she was not _______________.
Answer: If she was not so shy, she would enjoy parties.
Explanation: “If she was not” introduces the unreal condition, and “would” indicates the hypothetical outcome.
5. (A) Unless she is injured, she should win the race easily.
(B) If she was _______________.
Answer: If she was not injured, she should win the race easily.
Explanation: “Unless” is replaced by “if not,” maintaining the same condition in a different structure.
6. (A) He doesn’t eat properly; that’s why he is so thin.
(B) If he ate _______________.
Answer: If he ate properly, he would not be so thin.
Explanation: “If he ate” introduces the hypothetical situation, and “would” expresses the expected result.
7. (A) You work too slow; that’s why you don’t complete your projects.
(B) If you worked _______________.
Answer: If you worked faster, you would complete your projects.
Explanation: The past simple “worked” indicates the unreal condition, and “would” shows the hypothetical result.
8. (A) I don’t know his address, so I can’t write to him.
(B) If I knew _______________.
Answer: If I knew his address, I could write to him.
Explanation: “If I knew” introduces the unreal condition, and “could” is used to describe the possible result.
ASSIGNMENT 5
Supply the correct form of the verb given in brackets making the necessary changes:
ASSIGNMENT 5
Supply the correct form of the verb given in brackets making the necessary changes:
1. If she had paid the fine, she _______________ not _______________ (send) to prison.
Answer: would not have been sent
Explanation: This is a third conditional sentence, describing a past hypothetical situation. “Would not have been” is used for the result in the past, and “sent” is the past participle of the verb, as the sentence is in the passive voice.
2. If he _______________ (promote) his goods, he would have made a lot of money.
Answer: had promoted
Explanation: In the third conditional, the “if” clause uses the past perfect tense (“had promoted”) to describe a hypothetical action that did not happen.
3. If I had known you were still reading the book, I _______________ not _______________ (keep) it away.
Answer: would not have kept
Explanation: In the third conditional, “would not have” is used in the main clause, followed by the past participle “kept” to describe the result.
4. If you had been in Kashmir, what _______________ you _______________ (do)?
Answer: would you have done
Explanation: For a hypothetical question about the past, we use “would” with “have” and the past participle “done.”
5. If I had known that your mother was in hospital, I _______________ (visit) her.
Answer: would have visited
Explanation: The main clause of a third conditional uses “would have” followed by the past participle (“visited”) to describe the hypothetical result.
6. If you _______________ (cook) the stew well, it would have tasted better.
Answer: had cooked
Explanation: The “if” clause of a third conditional uses the past perfect tense (“had cooked”) to describe a hypothetical past action.
7. If she had had a bad toothache, she _______________ (go) to the dentist.
Answer: would have gone
Explanation: In the main clause of a third conditional, “would have” is followed by the past participle (“gone”) to describe the hypothetical result.
8. If I _______________ (know) that you were coming, I would have put you up in a hotel.
Answer: had known
Explanation: In the “if” clause of a third conditional, “had known” is used to describe the hypothetical past situation.
9. If I _______________ (study) Biology, I would have taken the pre-medical entrance test.
Answer: had studied
Explanation: The “if” clause of a third conditional uses the past perfect tense (“had studied”) to describe a hypothetical past action.
10. I would have read that book if she _______________ (recommend) it.
Answer: had recommended
Explanation: In the “if” clause of a third conditional, “had recommended” is used to describe the hypothetical condition in the past.
Reflective Composition
ASSIGNMENT
Write reflective compositions on each of the following topics:
1. Castles in the air.
Answer:
Castles in the Air
Dreams are like castles in the air. They are delicate, beautiful, and often far removed from reality. Everyone dreams, whether they are young or old. These dreams, though, do not always have a foundation. They float around like clouds, giving us moments of happiness, but they can also leave us lost if we cling to them without purpose.
Shalini was a student at Shantiniketan High School in Kolkata. She often imagined herself as a famous artist, painting large murals that people admired. She dreamed of her work being displayed in the streets of Delhi or at exhibitions in Mumbai. Her notebook was filled with sketches of people, landscapes, and cities she had never visited. But Shalini rarely practised properly. She let her dreams soar high but did little to make them real.
Her teacher, Rajan Sir, once said, “Dreaming is good, but you must build your stairs to reach those castles.” This stayed with Shalini. She realised that while dreaming was easy, turning dreams into reality required effort and discipline. She began to practise every day, learning techniques and participating in local art competitions. Her sketches improved, and over time, her work started to get noticed.
Dreams without effort can be just illusions. It is important to dream, but it is equally important to act. Whether it is a small town in Tamil Nadu or a big city like Bengaluru, people need to learn that dreams can be achieved with hard work and determination. Dreams are not wrong, but they need to have a strong base to stand on.
By grounding our dreams, we can still aim for the skies but ensure we have the strength to reach them.
2. The joys and grievances of teenage years.
Answer:
The Joys and Grievances of Teenage Years
Teenage years are a mix of excitement and challenges. For many, it is a time to discover new friendships, explore hobbies, and dream big. At the same time, it can be confusing and overwhelming. The memories from this stage are often bittersweet and stay with us for a lifetime.
One of the greatest joys of being a teenager is the friendships formed during this time. Sitting on the steps of Sarvodaya Vidyalaya after school, laughing with friends, or planning secret outings to Chitra Cinema feels like an adventure. These small moments, like sharing a masala dosa at Shanthi Cafe or celebrating a cricket victory at the local ground, bring immense happiness.
School events like annual days, debates, and sports meets are exciting. Preparing for a dance performance for the Saraswati Puja celebration or trying to win the debate competition for the school’s Shivaji House are unforgettable experiences. These activities teach teamwork and leave behind stories that are told again and again during family gatherings.
Teenage life, however, isn’t without its grievances. Academic pressure often feels unbearable. Preparing for the Class 10 board exams at Mahatma Gandhi Public School can feel like climbing a mountain. Teachers and parents talk endlessly about marks, careers, and futures. Sometimes, it feels like there’s no space to breathe.
Peer pressure is another challenge. Many teenagers want to fit in, whether it’s by wearing the latest fashion from Lajpat Nagar Market or pretending to like the trending music. Not everyone finds it easy to stand by their choices. This can lead to arguments with friends or moments of self-doubt.
Family expectations can also be tough to handle. When Ramesh’s parents compare his marks with his cousin Priya’s scores from DAV Model School, it stings. It’s hard to explain that everyone has different strengths and dreams. Conversations often turn into lectures, leaving little room for understanding.
Despite these grievances, teenage years are a time of growth. Late-night talks with friends, sharing secrets, and dreaming about the future make the struggles seem less heavy. The kindness of a teacher, the smile of a friend, or the smell of rain in the middle of an exam week brings moments of relief.
Teenage years are like a diary filled with scribbles. There are pages filled with joy, some with tears, and many with random notes that make no sense. Each day is new, each moment is different. It’s messy, but it’s also beautiful in its own way.
3. Is modesty no longer a virtue?
Answer:
Modesty: A Forgotten Virtue?
In today’s world, modesty seems to be fading. Many believe it is outdated and does not fit modern lifestyles. However, it was once seen as an essential part of a good character. Modesty was valued in our culture, reflected in how people dressed, spoke, and behaved.
Maya Sharma, a teacher in Bhopal, says that she rarely sees her students appreciating modesty. They often think it means being weak or shy. But she explains to them that modesty is about being humble and respectful, not showing off your achievements or possessions. She recalls how, in her youth, people in her colony would appreciate those who helped others without expecting praise.
Social media has changed how we think about modesty. Rohan Gupta, a college student in Pune, shared his views about it. “Everyone is trying to show the best version of themselves online. If you don’t, people might think you’re uninteresting or unsuccessful.” This constant need for attention and validation makes modesty seem unnecessary to many.
Still, some people argue that modesty is not about hiding yourself. It is about understanding that your value is not measured by how much you show to the world. Asha Mehta, a social worker in Chennai, says, “The most generous people I know are often quiet about their kindness. They don’t announce their deeds, but their actions make a big difference.”
Modesty is not easy in a world that encourages self-promotion. But it is still important in building trust and respect. It reminds us to think about others and not just ourselves. In India, where family values and traditions play a big role, modesty can still teach us valuable lessons. Whether in a small village in Kerala or a crowded market in Delhi, modesty brings balance to how we interact with each other.
Perhaps, modesty has not disappeared completely. It may simply be waiting for people to rediscover its quiet strength.
4. We are the slaves of objects around us.
Answer:
The Objects We Depend On
Last Sunday, I sat at home in Vasant Vihar, watching my younger brother, Ravi, play on his new gaming console. The TV, a sleek model from an Indian electronics brand, glowed brightly, and the fan hummed above us. Around us, every corner of the room was filled with things—phones, remote controls, chargers, books, headphones, and even a robotic vacuum cleaner quietly buzzing in the next room. It struck me how much of our day revolves around these objects.
In the morning, my mother depends on the mixer grinder to prepare chutney for breakfast. My father, an employee at Bharat Electronics Limited, cannot leave for work without checking emails on his laptop. Even my grandmother, who reads the Bhagavad Gita every day, uses a lamp that has to be recharged regularly. These things don’t just help us; they guide how we live and work.
At school, my classmates and I often talk about who owns the latest gadget. My friend Neha, whose father runs a shop in Chandni Chowk, recently got a new smartphone. She says she feels proud showing it off, but also admits she can’t put it down even when she’s supposed to be studying. The weight of these objects, even when they are not in our hands, is heavy on our minds.
One rainy evening last month, the power went out in our colony. Without lights, fans, and the internet, the house felt lifeless. I realized how much we had let objects control our lives. We sat in silence, waiting for the electricity to return, but it felt like an eternity. I thought of our ancestors, who lived without any of this and still led full and meaningful lives.
Living in such a fast-moving world, it’s hard to imagine life without these things. Yet, the more we rely on them, the more we feel trapped by them. It is up to us to decide if we want to control the objects around us or let them dictate how we live. Sometimes, putting down the phone or stepping away from the laptop is all it takes to feel free, even for a moment.
5. A joy that is shared is a joy made double.
Answer:
A Shared Joy is a Double Blessing
It was a bright Sunday morning in March 2023 when I received wonderful news. I had won the first prize in the painting competition organized by Kalpana Art Society in Chennai. My mother was the first to know, and her eyes sparkled with pride. My father, sitting with the newspaper, broke into a rare smile. My younger sister Leela, too, clapped and jumped in joy.
Later that day, I shared the news with my friends at school. Priya and Suresh hugged me tightly, and our teacher, Mrs. Meena, patted my back. It was then I realized how happy I felt sharing my success with them. Each smile and word of encouragement made my happiness grow. It no longer felt like my achievement alone; it felt like a celebration for everyone who cared about me.
The joy was greatest when the prize was finally awarded. On the stage, looking at the crowd, I spotted my family and friends clapping. They were proud, and that made me prouder. That moment taught me something I will carry for life—happiness shared grows richer and deeper.
When we let others join in our happy moments, we create bonds that last. A shared joy is a light that spreads, warming everyone it touches.
Prepositions
1. The garbage had blocked ______ the storm drains.
Answer: “in”
Explanation: The preposition “in” is used to indicate that something is located inside or obstructing the storm drains. For example: “There is a toy stuck in the pipe.”
2. The new building blocks ______ the morning sun from my window.
Answer: “out”
Explanation: The preposition “out” is used here to indicate that the building prevents or obstructs the sunlight. For example: “The curtains block out the sunlight in the afternoon.”
3. His hobby brings ______ ₹50,000 a year.
Answer: “in”
Explanation: The preposition “in” is used to indicate the amount of income generated. For example: “This job brings in a decent salary.”
4. My aunt brought me ______ after my mother died.
Answer: “up”
Explanation: The preposition “up” is used with “bring” to mean raising or nurturing someone. For example: “She brought up her children with great care.”
5. She was called ______ from the meeting to take a phone call.
Answer: “away”
Explanation: The preposition “away” indicates being removed or taken to another place. For example: “He was called away to an emergency meeting.”
6. The match was called ______ because of rain.
Answer: “off”
Explanation: The preposition “off” is used to indicate cancellation. For example: “The event was called off due to bad weather.”
7. I came ______ my old friend in the market.
Answer: “across”
Explanation: The preposition “across” means encountering someone or something unexpectedly. For example: “I came across an interesting book in the library.”
8. How did it come ______ that you went to live in the village?
Answer: “about”
Explanation: The preposition “about” is used to ask how something happened. For example: “How did it come about that he got the job?”
9. My suggestion for an outing went ______ well because it was a beautiful day.
Answer: “down”
Explanation: The preposition “down” is used to describe how something was received or perceived. For example: “The idea went down well with the team.”
10. Word went ______ that the famous actor had died.
Answer: “around”
Explanation: The preposition “around” is used to describe information spreading among people. For example: “News of the promotion went around the office quickly.”
11. The police questioned him until he gave ______ and admitted to the crime.
Answer: “in”
Explanation: The preposition “in” is used with “gave” to indicate surrender or yielding. For example: “She finally gave in to their demands.”
12. I gave ______ playing tennis five years ago.
Answer: “up”
Explanation: The preposition “up” is used to indicate stopping or quitting a habit. For example: “He gave up smoking last year.”
13. Who will look ______ your dog in your absence?
Answer: “after”
Explanation: The preposition “after” is used to mean taking care of someone or something. For example: “Please look after the plants while I’m away.”
14. I’m really looking ______ to a vacation in Goa.
Answer: “forward”
Explanation: The preposition “forward” with “looking” expresses anticipation or excitement about something in the future. For example: “She is looking forward to the concert.”
15. She looks pretty when she puts ______ this white dress.
Answer: “on”
Explanation: The preposition “on” is used with “put” to describe wearing clothes. For example: “He put on his coat before leaving.”
16. The janitor put ______ the lamp.
Answer: “out”
Explanation: The preposition “out” is used to describe extinguishing or turning off something. For example: “He put out the fire immediately.”
17. He set ______ his work early in the morning.
Answer: “about”
Explanation: The preposition “about” is used to describe starting something. For example: “She set about cleaning the house.”
18. We’ve had some problems with the project that have set us ______ at least two days.
Answer: “back”
Explanation: The preposition “back” is used to indicate a delay. For example: “The storm set back the construction work by a week.”
19. When he read out the address, the secretary took it ______ carefully.
Answer: “down”
Explanation: The preposition “down” is used to mean writing something. For example: “Please take down these notes.”
20. Fish take ______ oxygen through their gills.
Answer: “in”
Explanation: The preposition “in” is used to indicate absorbing or consuming something. For example: “Plants take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.”
Specimen Paper-14
Question 1
Write a composition (in approximately 400-450 words) on any one of the following subjects.
(i) Have you ever been in a situation when you felt that only a miracle could save you? Describe such an incident in detail.
A Miracle in the Mountains
Last summer, I travelled to the scenic hill station of Mussoorie with my family. We were excited about exploring the forests and waterfalls in the area. On the second day of our trip, we decided to hike up a less-travelled path towards a waterfall called Kalpeshwar Falls. It was a bright morning, and we set out with high spirits, not knowing the adventure that lay ahead.
The trail was narrow, surrounded by dense trees and the sound of chirping birds. As we climbed higher, the path became steeper and more slippery due to loose gravel. My cousin Rohan and I, being adventurous, walked ahead of the rest. Soon, we were out of sight from the others.
Suddenly, I slipped on a patch of wet moss and tumbled down the slope. The fall seemed endless, and I screamed for help as branches scratched my arms and legs. Finally, I stopped sliding and found myself on a ledge, clutching a rock to avoid falling further into the gorge below. My heart pounded as I looked down at the sheer drop. I shouted for Rohan, but he was too far to hear me.
Panic set in as I realised I had no phone and couldn’t climb back up. The ledge was barely wide enough for me to sit on. Hours seemed to pass as I clung to the rock, hoping someone would find me. The sun was now hidden by clouds, and a chilly wind blew through the forest.
Just when I was losing hope, I noticed a figure moving through the trees above. It was a man, dressed in a saffron kurta, carrying a stick. He looked like a sadhu, but his presence felt otherworldly. I waved frantically, and he noticed me. Calmly, he lowered a long rope he had tied to a nearby tree and gestured for me to hold on. Summoning all my courage, I grabbed the rope, and he slowly pulled me up.
Once I was safe, I turned to thank him, but to my surprise, he was nowhere to be seen. I looked around, calling out for him, but the forest was silent. Soon after, Rohan appeared with the rest of the family. They had been searching for me everywhere. When I told them about the sadhu, they were puzzled as no one else had seen him.
Even today, I believe it was a miracle. That man, whoever he was, appeared at just the right moment to save my life. The memory of that day always reminds me to have faith, even in the darkest times.
(ii) There was a transporters strike and your school was closed. As a result there was an unscheduled break in the middle of a hectic working week. Narrate how you spent the day.
A Day of Unplanned Freedom
It was a Tuesday morning in August when an unexpected announcement was made—our school would remain closed due to a transporters’ strike. The news spread quickly, and while some of my friends groaned at the thought of the missed classes, I was thrilled. The unscheduled break felt like a gift in the middle of a busy week.
The first thing I did was sleep in a little longer. Waking up without the pressure of rushing for the school bus felt amazing. After breakfast, I decided to make the most of the day. My mother, always quick to seize opportunities, asked me to help her with some household chores. I grumbled a bit but eventually gave in. Together, we cleaned the living room and rearranged the furniture. It was surprisingly fun, and I felt a sense of accomplishment.
By noon, I had finished my homework and thought about how to spend the rest of the day. The weather was pleasant, with a cool breeze blowing, so I called my friend Rajiv, who lives nearby. He came over with his cricket kit, and we headed to the small park in our neighbourhood. A few other boys from our colony joined us, and soon, we were deep into an exciting game of cricket. I managed to hit a six, which earned me plenty of cheers.
After the game, Rajiv and I sat on a bench, sipping nimbu pani from a nearby stall. We talked about everything—our favourite movies, the latest cricket match, and plans for the upcoming weekend. It felt great to just relax and chat without worrying about schoolwork or deadlines.
In the evening, I spent some time reading. I had been meaning to finish a novel, The Blue Umbrella by Ruskin Bond, but my packed schedule had left little time for it. Sitting by the window with the book in my hands and the sound of rain tapping on the glass was incredibly soothing. The story transported me to the hills, and for a while, I forgot about everything else.
Before I knew it, the day had come to an end. My parents, noticing my good mood, decided to order my favourite paneer butter masala for dinner. As we sat together at the dining table, laughing and sharing stories, I realised how wonderful an unplanned break could be.
The transporters’ strike may have disrupted many things, but for me, it turned into a day of rest, fun, and small joys. It was a reminder to slow down once in a while and enjoy the simple pleasures of life.
(iii) For pollution control and traffic management, the Government should put a ban on the use of private cars. Express your views either FOR or AGAINST the given statement.
A Ban on Private Cars: A Step Towards Change
The proposal to ban private cars for pollution control and traffic management is a controversial topic, but I firmly believe that it is a step in the right direction. Our cities are choking with traffic and pollution, and drastic measures are needed to address these issues effectively.
Firstly, private cars are a major contributor to air pollution. In cities like Delhi and Mumbai, vehicular emissions account for a significant portion of harmful gases in the atmosphere. These gases not only cause respiratory problems but also contribute to global warming. If private cars are banned, the number of vehicles on the road will reduce drastically, leading to cleaner air and a healthier environment.
Secondly, banning private cars will ease traffic congestion. The sheer number of cars on our roads has turned commuting into a nightmare. Hours are wasted in traffic jams, leading to frustration and lost productivity. With fewer cars on the roads, public transport systems like buses and metros can function more efficiently, ensuring smoother travel for everyone.
Moreover, the ban will encourage people to use eco-friendly alternatives like cycling or walking, which are not only good for the environment but also beneficial for health. Shared transportation options, such as carpooling and taxis, can also play a significant role in meeting the needs of those who genuinely require vehicles.
Critics argue that banning private cars will inconvenience people. However, this problem can be addressed by improving public transport. If buses, trains, and metros are made more frequent, reliable, and affordable, people will willingly shift to these modes of travel. Cities like Copenhagen and Amsterdam have successfully implemented similar policies, proving that this change is possible.
Another concern is the impact on industries related to car manufacturing. While this is valid, the focus can shift towards promoting electric vehicles and sustainable transportation technologies. This change will not only help the environment but also create jobs in emerging sectors.
Banning private cars may seem like a drastic step, but it is a necessary one. The benefits, from reduced pollution and traffic congestion to healthier lifestyles, far outweigh the challenges. With proper planning and investment in public transport, this move can transform our cities into cleaner, greener, and more livable spaces. The time to act is now, before the damage becomes irreversible.
(iv) Reading fiction is more enjoyable than watching films. Present your reflections on this statement.
The Joy of Reading Fiction Over Watching Films
Reading fiction and watching films are both wonderful ways to enjoy stories, but I believe that reading fiction is more enjoyable. A good book allows us to immerse ourselves in a world of imagination in a way that films often cannot.
When you read a novel, you create the characters, settings, and emotions in your mind. The author provides the words, but the vivid images are your own. This personal connection to the story makes it deeply engaging. For example, when I read The Guide by R.K. Narayan, I imagined the streets of Malgudi in my own unique way. This creative involvement is something a film cannot provide, as it shows everything visually, leaving little room for imagination.
Fiction also lets you explore a character’s thoughts and feelings in depth. A book takes its time to describe emotions, internal conflicts, and subtle details. In contrast, films often rush through these aspects because of time constraints. For instance, a character’s struggle might take several chapters in a book, but in a film, it is compressed into a few minutes, losing much of the richness.
Moreover, reading fiction is a slower, more relaxing experience. You can pick up a book anytime, read at your own pace, and pause to reflect on the story. Films, while entertaining, often bombard you with fast-moving visuals and sound, which can be overwhelming. The quiet joy of turning pages cannot be replaced by sitting in front of a screen.
Another reason I prefer fiction is the variety it offers. Books from different genres and cultures are readily available, each offering a unique perspective. While films are limited by budgets and commercial interests, books can dive into complex plots and ideas without such restrictions. A science fiction novel, for example, can explore vast galaxies and impossible technologies in ways that a film often struggles to depict convincingly.
Of course, films have their own charm. The music, visuals, and performances can bring stories to life in a powerful way. But they often simplify plots and change details to appeal to wider audiences, which sometimes takes away the essence of the original story. For instance, films based on books like The Kite Runner or Harry Potter are excellent but don’t fully capture the depth of their written versions.
While watching films is enjoyable, the experience of reading fiction is far more fulfilling. It engages the mind, stirs the imagination, and leaves a lasting impression. For me, the magic of a well-written story will always outweigh the allure of the silver screen.
(v) Heroism.
Heroism
Heroism is not about wearing a cape or fighting battles in far-off lands. It is about the courage to stand up for what is right, even in the face of challenges. True heroes are those who rise above their fears and act selflessly for the greater good, often without expecting anything in return.
One of the most remarkable aspects of heroism is that it can be found in the most ordinary people. A teacher staying late to help a struggling student, a doctor working tirelessly during a pandemic, or a neighbour lending a helping hand during a crisis—these are everyday heroes who make a difference in the lives of others. Their actions may not make headlines, but they leave a lasting impact.
Heroism also requires a sense of responsibility and integrity. Mahatma Gandhi, for example, demonstrated heroism through his unwavering commitment to truth and non-violence. He inspired millions to fight for freedom, not with weapons but with moral strength. His heroism lay in his ability to bring about change through peace, even when faced with immense opposition.
At times, heroism involves immense sacrifice. The soldiers who guard our borders, risking their lives for the safety of the nation, are prime examples of this. Their bravery and dedication remind us that true heroism often comes with great personal cost. Similarly, social reformers like Savitribai Phule, who fought against societal injustices, are heroes for their courage to challenge norms and bring about change.
However, heroism is not always about grand gestures. It is also about small, everyday acts of kindness. Lending a shoulder to a friend in need, standing up against bullying, or helping someone cross a busy street are all forms of heroism. These actions may seem small, but they require empathy and the willingness to make an effort for others.
In today’s world, heroism is more important than ever. Climate change, social inequalities, and health crises demand collective courage and action. Young activists like Greta Thunberg and countless unnamed individuals working for change in their communities are modern-day heroes, proving that anyone can rise to the occasion.
Heroism is not confined to a specific time, place, or person. It is a quality that lies within all of us, waiting to be awakened by the right moment. It is about having the courage to do what is right, no matter how difficult the path may be. True heroes inspire us to be better versions of ourselves and remind us that even the smallest actions can make a big difference.
(vi) Write an original short story in which a farmer, a cow and a shopkeeper play an important role.
The Farmer’s Fortune
In the small village of Nalpur, there lived a humble farmer named Ramesh. He owned a single cow named Gauri, who was more than just a source of milk to him—she was his companion and hope. Times were tough for Ramesh, as a drought had withered his crops, leaving him with little to sell at the market.
One morning, as Ramesh fed Gauri, he realised her milk yield had drastically reduced. Concerned, he decided to visit Ravi, the shopkeeper in the village, to buy some supplements for Gauri. Ravi, a shrewd businessman, knew Ramesh’s struggles well.
“You’ve been buying on credit for months, Ramesh,” Ravi said, shaking his head. “I can’t give you anything more unless you pay off your debt.”
Ramesh’s face fell. “Please, Ravi,” he pleaded. “Gauri is all I have. If she becomes weak, I won’t even have milk to sell.”
Moved by his words but bound by his own financial troubles, Ravi sighed. “Alright,” he said after a pause. “I’ll give you the supplements, but only if you promise to repay me with something valuable soon.”
Ramesh nodded, grateful but worried. He knew he had nothing valuable except Gauri, and the thought of losing her was unbearable.
That evening, as Ramesh returned home, he noticed Gauri acting strangely. She was pawing the ground near a large stone at the edge of the field. Curious, he dug around the spot with his hands. To his astonishment, he unearthed a small metal box. Inside was a set of old, dusty coins and a few pieces of jewellery.
Ramesh’s heart raced. He remembered stories his grandfather had told him about villagers hiding their wealth during invasions long ago. Could this treasure belong to one of them?
The next morning, Ramesh hurried to Ravi’s shop, carrying the box. “Look at this,” he said, showing Ravi the coins and jewellery. “I found it in my field. Could it be worth something?”
Ravi examined the items closely. “This is valuable, Ramesh!” he exclaimed. “You’ve stumbled upon a small fortune.”
Overwhelmed with relief, Ramesh offered some of the treasure to Ravi to settle his debts. Ravi, seeing Ramesh’s honesty, refused to take more than what was owed. “The rest is yours,” he said with a smile. “Use it wisely.”
With the treasure, Ramesh was able to buy seeds for the next season and take proper care of Gauri. The rains eventually returned, and his fields flourished. Gauri regained her health, and her milk became a favourite in the village once again.
Ramesh never forgot his struggles or the unexpected fortune that changed his life. To him, Gauri was not just a cow but the guardian of his destiny. From that day forward, he treated her with even more love, knowing that sometimes, even the smallest blessings can lead to the greatest miracles.
Question 2
(i) Write an article to be published in a local newspaper expressing your concern at the rising number of cases of students suffering from stress and depression.
The cases of students suffering from stress and depression are increasing day by day.
Causes: (i) fear of failure; (ii) pressure from parents and guilt of not being able to come up to the expectations of parents; (iii) peer pressure, competition with friends, cousins, and classmates; (iv) societal pressure; (v) financial constraints; (vi) worry about the future.
Remedies: (i) parental support and guidance; (ii) making the students aware that every individual is different from the other and so are their physical and mental capabilities; (iii) choosing subjects and career options according to one’s aptitude rather than outward show-off; (iv) always keeping a positive attitude in life.
Rising Stress and Depression Among Students: A Growing Concern
In recent years, there has been a worrying increase in the number of students suffering from stress and depression. What was once an age of carefree learning and growth has now become a period overshadowed by fear, anxiety, and self-doubt. It is time for society to address this issue with urgency and compassion.
One of the major causes of student stress is the fear of failure. The relentless pressure to excel in academics, sports, and other activities creates an environment where students feel overwhelmed. This is further compounded by the expectations of parents. Many students grapple with guilt when they fail to meet these expectations, leading to a sense of inadequacy.
Peer pressure adds another layer to this burden. Students often compare themselves with friends, cousins, or classmates, feeling compelled to compete in a race that has no finish line. Societal norms only add fuel to this fire, with constant reminders of what “success” should look like. Financial constraints and the uncertainty about the future worsen the problem, leaving students feeling trapped and helpless.
Addressing this growing crisis requires collective effort from parents, educators, and society at large. Parental support and guidance play a crucial role in alleviating stress. Parents must create a safe environment where children feel valued for who they are, not just for their achievements. Open communication can help students express their fears and concerns without hesitation.
It is also important to teach students that everyone is unique, with different strengths and limitations. Comparing oneself to others is not only unfair but also damaging. Students should be encouraged to choose subjects and career paths based on their interests and abilities rather than societal expectations or superficial comparisons. For instance, a child passionate about art should not be forced into engineering merely because it is perceived as a more “respectable” profession.
A positive attitude in life is another powerful remedy. Schools should incorporate activities that promote mental well-being, such as mindfulness sessions, counselling services, and group discussions. These can provide students with tools to manage stress effectively.
As a society, we must redefine our idea of success. It is not about marks or medals but about being happy, healthy, and true to oneself. By fostering a culture of understanding and acceptance, we can help students navigate their formative years with confidence and joy.
The rising cases of stress and depression among students are a wake-up call. Let us act now to support our young minds, ensuring they grow into resilient and fulfilled individuals. Their well-being is not just their responsibility—it is ours too.
(ii) As the Head Boy/Head Girl of your school, you have been given the responsibility of setting up a ‘Woodworkers Club’ in your school where students will be learning basic woodworking techniques, tools, and safety. Write a proposal in not more than 150 words, stating the steps you would take to set up this club.
Proposal for Setting Up a Woodworkers Club
To encourage practical learning and creative skills, I propose establishing a Woodworkers Club at Vivekananda Vidyalaya. The club will allow students to explore woodworking as a skill and hobby, while learning the importance of craftsmanship and teamwork. It will start from April 15, focusing on basic woodworking techniques and safety.
The objective of the club is to introduce students to hands-on skills like crafting, designing, and building using wood. This will develop patience, precision, and creativity among participants. It will also help students gain an understanding of safety measures while working with tools.
To set up the club, we will prepare a room near the Science Block as a workshop. Basic tools like saws, hammers, and chisels will be procured from Bharat Hardware, Chennai. Safety equipment like gloves and goggles will be provided to all. Skilled carpenter Ravi Kumar will guide workshops every Saturday. Students will start with simple projects, such as photo frames, and move to more complex creations. Regular safety training will be conducted before every session.
By June, we plan to host an exhibition showcasing students’ work. This initiative will help students acquire valuable skills while engaging in a constructive and enjoyable activity. The club will be open to students of Classes 8 to 12.
Question 3
Answer sections (i), (ii) and (iii).
(i) In each of the following items, sentence I is complete, while sentence II is not complete, making it as similar as possible to sentence I. Write sentence II in each case.
1. I: The more you practise, the more are your chances of inclusion in the school team.
II: If…
Answer: If you practise more, your chances of inclusion in the school team increase.
Explanation: This uses a conditional structure. “The more you practise” indicates a cause-and-effect relationship that is rewritten with “If,” showing the condition and result clearly.
2. I: Only trained graduates need to apply for the post.
II: None…
Answer: None but trained graduates need to apply for the post.
Explanation: The phrase “None but” means “only,” which directly replaces the word “only” from the original sentence while keeping the meaning intact.
3. I: She said that she would return the book to the library the next day.
II: She said, “…
Answer: She said, “I will return the book to the library tomorrow.”
Explanation: When converting from reported to direct speech, “the next day” changes to “tomorrow,” and the verb “would return” changes to “will return” to reflect present tense in direct speech.
4. I: I am sorry I am unable to accompany you.
II: I regret my…
Answer: I regret my inability to accompany you.
Explanation: “I regret” is followed by a noun form (“my inability”) to express the same sentiment formally, maintaining the meaning of the original sentence.
5. I: Not only did he score a century but also took three important wickets.
II: Besides…
Answer: Besides scoring a century, he also took three important wickets.
Explanation: “Besides” introduces an additional point, replacing “Not only… but also” in a concise manner. The verb form changes to maintain grammatical consistency in the sentence.
(ii) Fill in each blank with a suitable word.
1. (a) We will have to put __________ our plans for a year.
Answer: off
Explanation: “Put off” means to delay or postpone something. This fits the context as the plans are being deferred for a year.
2. (b) I will not put __________ with your irregular working habit.
Answer: up
Explanation: “Put up with” means to tolerate or endure something unpleasant. The sentence suggests the speaker will not tolerate the irregular working habit.
3. (c) Cut __________ on junk food to be healthy.
Answer: down
Explanation: “Cut down on” means to reduce the consumption or use of something. Here, it refers to reducing junk food for better health.
4. (d) The city was cut __________ from all other areas due to floods.
Answer: off
Explanation: “Cut off” means to be isolated or separated. The floods caused the city to be separated from other areas.
5. (e) The last stages of the cricket match were accompanied __________ little or no tension.
Answer: by
Explanation: “Accompanied by” indicates something occurring together with something else. In this case, the match’s last stages were experienced with little or no tension.
6. (f) Accompanied __________ the last moments with prayer he died peacefully.
Answer: in
Explanation: “Accompanied in” fits here to show association with prayer during the final moments.
7. (g) What time do your classes get __________?
Answer: over
Explanation: “Get over” refers to the end or conclusion of something, such as classes.
8. (h) She found it difficult to get __________ with her office people.
Answer: along
Explanation: “Get along” means to have a good relationship with others. The sentence implies she struggled to maintain good relations with her colleagues.
9. (i) Prayer is needed __________ the attainment of peace.
Answer: for
Explanation: “For” indicates purpose or need. Here, prayer is needed for achieving peace.
10. (j) Courage is needed __________ the face of hardships.
Answer: in
Explanation: “In the face of” is a phrase that means confronting or dealing with challenges. It suits the context of showing courage during hardships.
(iii) Fill in the blanks in the passage given below with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets. Do not write the passage, but write the verbs in the correct order.
Nasruddin ___(1) (talk) to one of the passengers travelling along with him on a journey.
He asked one of them if his children ___(2) (go) to school.
The traveller replied, “Only one of my two children go to school.”
Nasruddin ___(3) (tell) the passenger, “You must say, ‘Only one of my children goes to school.’ ___(4) (Speak) correctly or don’t speak at all.”
Sometime later, Nasruddin’s bag of potatoes ___(5) (fall) off the cart but ___(6) (remember) his words, the passenger kept quiet. When Nasruddin saw his bag of potatoes missing, he ___(7) (ask) the passenger about it.
The passenger told him that it fell off the cart a long time back. “But why did not you ___(8) (tell) me about it?” Nasruddin asked.
“I ___(9) (plan) to tell it to you, but I was wondering whether ‘Your bag is falling off’ was correct or ‘your bag fell off’ was more correct. Since I did not know, I ___(10) (keep) quiet,” replied the man.
Answer
- talked
- go
- told
- Speak
- fell
- remembering
- asked
- tell
- was planning
- kept
Question 4
Read the passage given below and answer the questions (i), (ii) and (iii) that follow:
(1) Chuck Hooper was a strong, well-built young man bubbling with energy. Athletic and friendly, he had been a footballer during his university days. Now, he worked for a chemical company as its Zonal Sales Manager. A happy life appeared to lay ahead of this burly tall man exuding a great zest for life.
(2) Then a tragedy struck. In an autumn evening, Chuck met with a car accident that left him paralysed on the left side due to a brain injury. Chuck’s wife Marcy had him shifted to a hospital. His movement was impaired and he had double vision. Marcy had their dog named Duke shifted to a kennel. Chuck remained critically down for a month in the hospital. The company where Chuck was working suggested that he should take a year off from job. They offered to create a desk job in the company’s 10 head office to accommodate him.
(3) Eventually Chuck was discharged from the hospital. Returning home lifted his spirits temporarily, but they drooped soon. Since Chuck had no company, it was decided to bring back Duke from the kennel. When Duke came back he was excited to see Chuck again. Wild with joy he jumped forward at Chuck with all his energy, unaware of his master’s condition. Chuck barely managed to stand erect. It was a great union. Duke, perhaps, assessed later his master’s condition and from then on, there was no acrobatics, no uncontrolled show of joy.
(4) Chuck began to wither slowly. Duke could take it no more. He tried to coax Chuck to action by lifting his elbow with his nose. Chuck tried to push Duke back but Duke would lie down there looking disapprovingly at Chuck. An hour later, he would approach Chuck again to coax him to move.
(5) One evening Chuck using his unaffected hand hooked the leash on to Duke’s collar. He wanted to hold his dog still. It was the signal Duke was waiting for. He sprang to his feet as if a lightning of hope had struck him. He shook his body excitedly. Chuck was taken aback. He asked Marcy to help him to his feet. Duke’s restless body shook with energy. Marcy held her husband’s elbow while he held on to the dog’s leash. He put the right leg forward and dragged the left foot. It was the first step of Chuck that came after months of waiting.
(6) Next day the duo started their effort early, with Duke taking the initiative. Chuck began to take his steps when Duke pulled the leash, virtually dragging his master. One, two, three and four. It was some progress from the previous day.
(7) By mid-April, this became a routine exercise for Duke and Chuck. Led by his dog, Chuck ventured out of the house for his ‘learning lessons’. Duke, the coach used to walk quickly ahead to make the leash stretched. Then he would wait for Chuck to pull up staggering the short distance. Duke would repeat his quick steps to pull the leash tight. Like this, the walking- stopping-walking continued in short spurts.
(8) After months of practice Chuck could walk solo. He initially started working for an hour daily and after three month’s started his full day’s work.
(9) Chuck gave a party at his new house. Suddenly, he heard a piercing sound. It was the sound of brakes of a speeding car. Instinctively Chuck looked around for Duke. It was Dukę. He had been fatally hurt and succumbed to his injuries. Chuck got elevated to the post of Assistant Sales Manager of his company. It was a fitting tribute to a dog, which had done so much towards the turn-around of Chuck.
(i) (a) Given below are three words and phrases. Find the words that have a similar meaning in the passage:
1. strong: burly
2. displaying: exuding
3. hindered: impaired
(b) For each of the words given below, choose the correct sentence that uses the same word unchanged in spelling, but with a different meaning from that which it carries in the passage:
1. company (line 3):
(A) Her cheerful company lifted everyone’s spirits during the gathering.
(B) Exploring the city in good company made the trip unforgettable.
(C) The multinational company she works for gave her a raise in salary.
(D) He enjoyed very much in the delightful company of lifelong friends.
Answer: (A) Her cheerful company lifted everyone’s spirits during the gathering.
2. exercise (line 33):
(A) She is going to exercise her right to vote in the upcoming elections.
(B) Running every morning is a rigorous exercise that keeps him fit.
(C) Yoga is a holistic exercise, promoting both physical and mental well-being.
(D) Solving complex puzzles is an excellent exercise for the mind.
Answer: (A) She is going to exercise her right to vote in the upcoming elections.
3. coach (line 34):
(A) The soccer coach inspired the team with motivational speeches.
(B) He did not interact with the only passenger in the coach.
(C) As a life coach, she guided individuals to unlock their full potential.
(D) The executive coach helped to improve leadership skills within the company.
Answer: (B) He did not interact with the only passenger in the coach.
(ii) Answer the following questions in your own words as briefly as possible:
(a). What was the tragedy that struck Chuck Hooper?
Answer: Chuck Hooper suffered a car accident that left him paralysed on the left side due to a brain injury.
(b). How did Duke help Chuck to stand and take his first step after months of impairment due to paralysis?
Answer: Duke encouraged Chuck by nudging his elbow persistently. When Chuck finally hooked the leash onto Duke’s collar, the dog excitedly led him, helping Chuck take his first steps with Marcy’s assistance.
(c). Why is Chuck Hooper’s promotion as Assistant National Sales Manager regarded as a tribute to Duke?
Answer: Chuck’s promotion symbolised Duke’s invaluable role in his recovery and return to work. The dog’s persistence and support had enabled Chuck to regain his independence and rebuild his career.
(iii) Describe Duke’s role in taking his master out of his paralytic condition, as mentioned in paragraphs 4 to 8. You are required to write the summary in the form of a connected passage in about 100 words. Failure to keep within the word limit will be penalised.
Answer: Duke played a pivotal role in Chuck’s recovery from paralysis. Observing his master’s deteriorating condition, Duke persistently nudged him to action, encouraging movement. One day, Chuck hooked Duke’s leash, and with Marcy’s help, he took his first step. Duke became his coach, leading Chuck with deliberate tugs on the leash and stopping to wait for him to catch up. Their consistent efforts turned into a routine, gradually improving Chuck’s mobility. Over months of practice, Chuck progressed from taking a few steps to walking independently. This journey culminated in his return to work, which marked the beginning of a new chapter for Chuck.
Ron’e Dutta is a journalist, teacher, aspiring novelist, and blogger who manages Online Free Notes. An avid reader of Victorian literature, his favourite book is Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. He dreams of travelling the world. You can connect with him on social media. He does personal writing on ronism.
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