Get textual answers, explanations, solutions, notes, extras, MCQs, PDF of Chapter 1: ISE Class 12 English Language/Grammar (Total English) solved which comprises Direct and Indirect Speech, Composition, and Notice and Email. However, the educational materials should only be used for reference, and students are encouraged to make necessary changes.
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Transformation of Sentences – I
ASSIGNMENT 1
Change the following sentences into Negative Sentences:
1. Anita remembered to visit the Taj Mahal.
Answer: Anita did not remember to visit the Taj Mahal.
Explanation: To make this sentence negative, the auxiliary verb “did” is added along with “not.” The main verb “remembered” is changed to its base form “remember” because “did” already indicates the past tense. Example: “She sang beautifully” becomes “She did not sing beautifully.”
2. Every man makes mistakes.
Answer: Not every man makes mistakes.
Explanation: Here, the word “not” is added before “every” to make the sentence negative. This preserves the original meaning while making it negative. Example: “Every child enjoys sweets” becomes “Not every child enjoys sweets.”
3. The soldiers continued the march.
Answer: The soldiers did not continue the march.
Explanation: The auxiliary verb “did” is introduced along with “not,” and the main verb “continued” is replaced by its base form “continue.” This is because the past tense is carried by “did.” Example: “She wrote a letter” becomes “She did not write a letter.”
4. As soon as he saw the tiger, he climbed up a tree.
Answer: As soon as he saw the tiger, he did not climb up a tree.
Explanation: The auxiliary verb “did” is used with “not,” and “climbed” is converted to its base form “climb.” The first clause remains unchanged as it is not being negated. Example: “As soon as she heard the news, she cried” becomes “As soon as she heard the news, she did not cry.”
5. Do see me tomorrow at 7 o’clock.
Answer: Do not see me tomorrow at 7 o’clock.
Explanation: The imperative sentence “Do see” is negated by inserting “not” after “do.” This structure is used to give a command or instruction in the negative form. Example: “Do finish your homework” becomes “Do not finish your homework.”
6. New York is the richest city in the world.
Answer: New York is not the richest city in the world.
Explanation: To negate this sentence, “not” is added after the verb “is.” This applies to present tense sentences using the verb “to be.” Example: “She is happy” becomes “She is not happy.”
7. Only a millionaire can afford such a life of luxury.
Answer: Not only a millionaire can afford such a life of luxury.
Explanation: “Not” is placed at the beginning of the sentence before “only,” changing the exclusivity implied. This makes the statement less absolute. Example: “Only John can solve the puzzle” becomes “Not only John can solve the puzzle.”
ASSIGNMENT 2
Change the following Negative Sentences into Affirmative Sentences:
1. Please do not forget to convey my regards to your parents.
Answer: Please remember to convey my regards to your parents.
Explanation: To change a negative sentence into an affirmative one, we replace “do not forget” with “remember.” “Do not forget” implies remembering, so the meaning stays the same but is now positive. Example: “Do not forget to water the plants” becomes “Remember to water the plants.”
2. The two brothers are not unlike each other.
Answer: The two brothers are alike.
Explanation: “Not unlike” is a double negative, which means the sentence is actually positive. We simplify it by using “alike,” which is the affirmative version. Example: “The situation is not unlike the previous one” changes to “The situation is similar to the previous one.”
3. No one could deny that Sushmita was beautiful.
Answer: Everyone admitted that Sushmita was beautiful.
Explanation: The negative “No one could deny” means everyone agreed. The affirmative version uses “admitted” to convey the same idea positively. Example: “No one could deny his talent” becomes “Everyone acknowledged his talent.”
4. She does not fail to reach the school in time.
Answer: She always reaches the school in time.
Explanation: “Does not fail” means the action is consistently done. In the affirmative form, we use “always” to indicate regularity. Example: “He does not fail to complete his homework” becomes “He always completes his homework.”
5. The teacher did not exclude your name from the list.
Answer: The teacher included your name in the list.
Explanation: The negative “did not exclude” becomes “included” to make it affirmative. Inclusion is the opposite of exclusion, keeping the meaning intact. Example: “They did not exclude him from the meeting” becomes “They included him in the meeting.”
6. No sooner did the clock strike ten than we went to bed.
Answer: As soon as the clock struck ten, we went to bed.
Explanation: “No sooner… than” is a negative construction used to indicate an immediate action. The affirmative form uses “As soon as.” Example: “No sooner had it rained than the children ran outside” becomes “As soon as it rained, the children ran outside.”
7. Do not fail to attend the lecture.
Answer: Be sure to attend the lecture.
Explanation: “Do not fail” indicates an obligation or reminder. The affirmative form uses “Be sure to” to give a positive directive. Example: “Do not fail to submit your assignment” becomes “Be sure to submit your assignment.”
ASSIGNMENT 3
Rewrite the following sentences in the Assertive form:
1. Is that the way to sharpen a pencil?
Answer: That is not the way to sharpen a pencil.
Explanation: This sentence is turned into an assertive form by removing the question format and rephrasing it as a straightforward statement. Assertive sentences state something without questioning or commanding. Here, the word “not” is added to maintain the negative sense implied by the original question. For example, “Is this your bag?” becomes “This is not your bag.”
7. Can you gather figs from thistles?
Answer: You cannot gather figs from thistles.
Explanation: The interrogative sentence is restructured into an assertive one by removing the question format and adding “cannot” to make a clear and factual statement. For example, “Can you swim in lava?” becomes “You cannot swim in lava.”
ASSIGNMENT 4
Rewrite the following sentences in the Interrogative form:
1. He was a criminal to do such a deed.
Answer: Was he a criminal to do such a deed?
Explanation: To change this sentence into an interrogative form, the helping verb “was” is moved to the beginning of the sentence before the subject “he.” This structure turns the statement into a question. For example, the statement “She is happy” becomes “Is she happy?” by moving the verb “is” to the front.
2. No one will like to live in poverty.
Answer: Will anyone like to live in poverty?
Explanation: In the interrogative form, “no one” is replaced with its equivalent “anyone,” and the helping verb “will” is moved to the beginning. This creates a question. For instance, “No one can help” changes to “Can anyone help?”
3. There is nothing better than an active life.
Answer: Is there anything better than an active life?
Explanation: To form a question, “nothing” is replaced by “anything,” and the helping verb “is” is placed at the start. This turns the statement into an interrogative. For example, “There is no time left” becomes “Is there any time left?”
4. I could have done nothing without your assistance.
Answer: Could I have done anything without your assistance?
Explanation: Here, “nothing” is replaced with “anything” to make it a question. The modal verb “could” is moved to the beginning of the sentence to form the interrogative structure. For example, “He could do nothing” changes to “Could he do anything?”
5. No one can succeed without hard work.
Answer: Can anyone succeed without hard work?
Explanation: The negative phrase “no one” is transformed into “anyone,” and the modal verb “can” is placed at the start to form a question. Similarly, “No one can swim” becomes “Can anyone swim?”
6. We do not work only to make money.
Answer: Do we work only to make money?
Explanation: To create a question, the auxiliary verb “do” is moved to the start, and “not” is removed since the question implies the possibility of affirmation or negation. For instance, “You do not eat fish” becomes “Do you eat fish?”
7. Cowards die many times before their death.
Answer: Do cowards die many times before their death?
Explanation: The sentence becomes interrogative by introducing the auxiliary verb “do” at the beginning, which is required to form a question in the simple present tense. For example, “Birds fly in the sky” changes to “Do birds fly in the sky?”
ASSIGNMENT 5
Rewrite the following Exclamations as Assertions:
1. How good of you to help me!
Answer: It is very good of you to help me.
Explanation: Here, the exclamation “How good” expresses a strong feeling of appreciation. When converting it to an assertion, we state it plainly by starting with “It is,” which makes the sentence declarative. Declarative sentences state facts or opinions without emotional emphasis. Example: “How sweet the cake is!” becomes “The cake is very sweet.”
2. Alas! My grandfather is no more.
Answer: My grandfather is no more.
Explanation: The exclamation “Alas!” conveys sadness. To make it an assertion, we remove the word “Alas!” and simply state the fact, “My grandfather is no more.” Assertions avoid exclamatory words and focus on presenting the idea in a straightforward manner. Example: “Alas! We lost the game.” becomes “We lost the game.”
3. If only I were the Prime Minister of India!
Answer: I wish I were the Prime Minister of India.
Explanation: The phrase “If only” shows a strong desire or wish. In assertions, we replace “If only” with “I wish” to express the same thought in a declarative form. Example: “If only I could fly!” becomes “I wish I could fly.”
4. Would that my mother were here today!
Answer: I wish my mother were here today.
Explanation: Similar to “If only,” the phrase “Would that” expresses a wish. To turn it into an assertion, we use “I wish” followed by the desired condition. Example: “Would that it were sunny!” becomes “I wish it were sunny.”
5. What a pity! Tom could not come.
Answer: It is a pity that Tom could not come.
Explanation: The exclamation “What a pity!” shows regret or disappointment. To convert it into an assertion, we state the emotion as a fact: “It is a pity.” This makes the sentence declarative while retaining its meaning. Example: “What a shame! We missed the bus.” becomes “It is a shame that we missed the bus.”
6. How sad was the sight of the deserted village!
Answer: The sight of the deserted village was very sad.
Explanation: The phrase “How sad” emphasizes the intensity of sadness. When rewriting it as an assertion, we describe the scene plainly by stating, “The sight…was very sad.” This shifts the focus from emotional emphasis to a factual statement. Example: “How beautiful the garden is!” becomes “The garden is very beautiful.”
7. How cold the weather is!
Answer: The weather is very cold.
Explanation: The exclamation “How cold” emphasizes the intensity of the cold weather. As an assertion, we remove the exclamatory form and directly state, “The weather is very cold.” This changes the sentence into a straightforward fact. Example: “How bright the stars are!” becomes “The stars are very bright.”
ASSIGNMENT 6
Change the following Assertive sentences into Exclamatory sentences
1. I had a happy time last night.
Answer: What a happy time I had last night!
Explanation: When converting an assertive sentence into an exclamatory sentence, we use “What” or “How” depending on the subject and the structure. Here, “What” is used because we are emphasizing “a happy time.” The structure becomes “What + noun + subject + verb!” For example, “It was a great day” becomes “What a great day it was!”
2. This dress has a remarkable colour combination.
Answer: What a remarkable colour combination this dress has!
Explanation: To transform the sentence, we start with “What” to emphasize the noun phrase “a remarkable colour combination.” The verb “has” follows the subject “this dress.” This structure is typical when the focus is on the object being described. For instance, “The room has a lovely view” becomes “What a lovely view the room has!”
3. It is a pity that flowers should fade away so soon.
Answer: Alas! That flowers should fade away so soon!
Explanation: To express pity or sadness in an exclamatory sentence, we use interjections like “Alas!” and rephrase the sentence to show strong emotion. The sentence “It is a pity” converts to “Alas!” to express sorrow. For example, “It is a shame that he left” becomes “Alas! That he left!”
4. I wish I were a child again.
Answer: How I wish I were a child again!
Explanation: When expressing a strong wish or longing, “How” is used at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis. The structure becomes “How + subject + wish + clause!” For example, “I wish I could fly” becomes “How I wish I could fly!”
5. It is a pity that a sailor should be afraid of waters.
Answer: Alas! That a sailor should be afraid of waters!
Explanation: Similar to expressing pity or regret, we use “Alas!” to convey the emotion strongly. The phrase “It is a pity” is omitted and replaced by the exclamation “Alas!” The remaining sentence is left as it is to express the feeling. For example, “It is sad that she failed” becomes “Alas! That she failed!”
6. Rohit has done a remarkable deed.
Answer: What a remarkable deed Rohit has done!
Explanation: The emphasis here is on “a remarkable deed,” so we begin with “What.” The structure follows the pattern “What + noun + subject + verb!” This highlights the action performed by the subject. For example, “She made a beautiful cake” becomes “What a beautiful cake she made!”
7. The boys cried out with joy that they had won the match.
Answer: How joyfully the boys cried out that they had won the match!
Explanation: When the focus is on the manner or emotion, “How” is used to begin the sentence. The structure becomes “How + adverb/adjective + subject + verb!” This emphasizes the way the action was performed. For instance, “He sang beautifully” becomes “How beautifully he sang!”
ASSIGNMENT 7
Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the italicised words by their verb forms:
1. The warrior received a mortal wound.
Answer: The warrior was mortally wounded.
Explanation: The italicized word “mortal” is replaced by its verb form “mortally wounded.” Here, “mortal” is an adjective, and to convert it into its verb form, we describe the action (wounding in a mortal way). For example, “The blow mortally injured him” follows the same structure.
8. The disintegration of rocks makes sandy deserts.
Answer: Rocks disintegrate to form sandy deserts.
Explanation: The noun “disintegration” is replaced by its verb form “disintegrate.” Instead of describing the process as a state, the verb “disintegrate” shows the action causing the result. For example, “The paper disintegrated in water” describes the breaking down.
ASSIGNMENT 8
Rewrite the following sentences replacing the italicised words by their Adverb forms:
1. He was not a reckless driver.
Answer: He did not drive recklessly.
Explanation: The word “reckless” is an adjective, and we convert it into an adverb by adding “-ly” to make “recklessly.” Adverbs describe how an action is performed. In this sentence, “recklessly” describes the manner of driving.
2. The defeat of the enemy was complete.
Answer: The enemy was defeated completely.
Explanation: The adjective “complete” is turned into the adverb “completely” to describe the verb “defeated.” Adverbs like this answer the question “how” something happened.
3. Without hard work you can do nothing.
Answer: Without working hard, you can do nothing.
Explanation: The phrase “hard work” is replaced with the adverb “working hard.” The adverbial phrase modifies the verb “do” to explain the conditions of doing something.
4. Please go through this letter with care.
Answer: Please go through this letter carefully.
Explanation: “Care” is a noun that is changed into the adverb “carefully.” This adverb modifies “go through,” telling how to perform the action.
5. Her dress was shabby.
Answer: She dressed shabbily.
Explanation: The adjective “shabby” becomes “shabbily” as an adverb to describe the manner of dressing. Adding “-ly” turns many adjectives into adverbs.
6. It was fortunate that I was not there.
Answer: Fortunately, I was not there.
Explanation: The adjective “fortunate” is turned into the adverb “fortunately” to describe the entire clause. It expresses the manner or context of the event.
7. This must be done in an instant.
Answer: This must be done instantly.
Explanation: The phrase “in an instant” is replaced by the adverb “instantly,” simplifying the sentence while still explaining the immediacy of the action.
8. The magician appeared to be a cheat.
Answer: The magician appeared to cheat deceitfully.
Explanation: The noun “cheat” is turned into the adverb “deceitfully” to describe the way the magician cheats. This modification aligns with the original meaning of the sentence.
ASSIGNMENT 9
Rewrite the following sentences replacing the italicised words by their Adjective forms:
1. Rewrite the following sentences replacing the italicised words by their Adjective forms:
Answer: He takes pride in his heritage.
He takes pride in his hereditary qualities.
Explanation: The word “heritage” is a noun. To use its adjective form, we use “hereditary,” which describes something passed down by inheritance. For example: “This is a hereditary disease.” Adjectives describe qualities or properties.
2. Smoking causes injury to health.
Answer: Smoking causes injurious effects to health.
Explanation: “Injury” is a noun, and its adjective form is “injurious,” meaning harmful or likely to cause damage. Adjectives like “injurious” give more detail about what kind of effect smoking has. For instance, “That chemical is injurious to plants.”
3. Fortunately we reached here in time.
Answer: It was a fortunate thing that we reached here in time.
Explanation: “Fortunately” is an adverb, describing how an action was done. The adjective form “fortunate” describes the state or condition, like “We are fortunate to be safe.”
4. They gave us a lot of trouble.
Answer: They gave us a lot of troublesome moments.
Explanation: “Trouble” is a noun. Its adjective form, “troublesome,” means causing difficulty or annoyance. Adjectives turn a situation into something describable, e.g., “This is a troublesome task.”
5. He proved himself to be a boy of great courage.
Answer: He proved himself to be a boy of courageous nature.
Explanation: “Courage” is a noun, and “courageous” is the adjective form that describes a person or their actions as brave. For example, “The firefighter was very courageous.”
6. He did not have the politeness to stand aside.
Answer: He was not polite enough to stand aside.
Explanation: “Politeness” is a noun, while “polite” is the adjective. Adjectives make sentences more direct. For instance: “The polite boy helped the old lady.”
7. She hoped to be in the hospital in time.
Answer: She hoped to be in the hospitable environment in time.
Explanation: “Hospital” is a noun, and “hospitable” is the adjective form, meaning friendly or accommodating. This adjective changes the focus from the place to its welcoming nature. For example: “The hosts were hospitable.”
8. He was dismissed for negligence of duty.
Answer: He was dismissed for being negligent in his duty.
Explanation: “Negligence” is a noun, while “negligent” is its adjective form, describing someone who fails to take proper care. For example: “He was negligent with his responsibilities.”
Proposal Writing
ASSIGNMENT
1. As the Head Boy/Head Girl of your school, you have been given the responsibility of organising Performing Arts Festival in your school. Write a proposal in about 150 words, stating the steps you would take to successfully organise this festival.
Answer:
Proposal for Organising the Performing Arts Festival
I propose organising a Performing Arts Festival at Vivekananda Vidyalaya on February 10. This event will showcase the talents of our students in music, dance, theatre, and poetry recitation. The aim is to celebrate our cultural heritage and give students an opportunity to display their creativity.
The festival will take place in the school auditorium. We plan to involve students from classes VI to XII. Performances will include classical and contemporary dance, skits on social themes, instrumental and vocal music, and a poetry slam. We will seek assistance from our art and music teachers to guide the students in their preparation.
To make the event engaging, we will invite parents and a local artist, Mr. Rajan Das, as the chief guest. Students will also be tasked with managing logistics like stage setup and sound arrangements. I hope this proposal will be approved.
Ananya Sharma
Head Girl
2. As a member of the Student Council of your school, you have been given the responsibility of setting up a ‘Health Club’ in your school. Write a proposal in about 150 words, stating the steps you would take to successfully implement this project.
Answer:
Proposal for Setting Up a Health Club
I propose the establishment of a Health Club at Sardar Patel Public School to promote fitness and well-being among students. The club will aim to raise awareness about healthy living, provide resources for fitness activities, and organise regular health-related events.
The club will hold weekly yoga and fitness sessions in the school hall, guided by our physical education teacher. We will invite a nutritionist to give talks on healthy eating habits and organise a health check-up camp for students and staff. The club will also create an indoor gym area with basic equipment like skipping ropes, resistance bands, and mats.
Membership will be open to students from classes VIII to XII, and activities will be held during the activity period. We believe this initiative will inspire students to adopt healthier lifestyles. I request approval and support for this proposal to make the Health Club a success.
Ravi Mehta
Student Council Member
Prepositions
ASSIGNMENT
Fill in the blanks using appropriate Prepositions:
1. Our dog was run…………… by a car.
Answer: over
Explanation: The phrase “run over” means to be hit or passed over by a vehicle. “Over” is the preposition that conveys this meaning. Example: “The cyclist was run over by a speeding car.”
2. We had run …………….of sugar and so we could not make ice cream.
Answer: out
Explanation: “Run out of” means to use up all of something. “Out” indicates the state of depletion. Example: “We ran out of milk yesterday.”
3. Take………. your coat.
Answer: off
Explanation: “Take off” means to remove something. “Off” completes the idea of removing an item. Example: “She took off her gloves before eating.”
4. She takes …………… her mother.
Answer: after
Explanation: “Take after” means to resemble someone, often in appearance or character. “After” denotes similarity. Example: “He takes after his father in his kindness.”
5. I look ………… to his help.
Answer: forward
Explanation: “Look forward to” means to anticipate something positively. “Forward” emphasizes excitement or expectation. Example: “I look forward to our meeting next week.”
6. He is looking……… a better job.
Answer: for
Explanation: “Looking for” means searching for something. “For” connects the action of looking with the object. Example: “She is looking for her phone.”
7. After a tough battle, the enemies gave…………… at last.
Answer: up
Explanation: “Give up” means to surrender or stop resisting. “Up” signifies ceasing effort. Example: “They gave up after a long fight.”
8. The old man gave ……………….. his property to charity.
Answer: away
Explanation: “Give away” means to donate or distribute freely. “Away” emphasizes transferring ownership. Example: “She gave away her inheritance to a local charity.”
9. I cannot fall ……………… with his views.
Answer: in
Explanation: “Fall in with” means to agree with or accept someone’s opinions. “In” denotes alignment or agreement. Example: “He fell in with the majority’s decision.”
10. Having lost his job, he fell ……………. Agriculture.
Answer: back on
Explanation: “Fall back on” means to rely on something when in difficulty. “Back on” expresses dependence. Example: “She fell back on her savings during unemployment.”
11. Your arguments do not bear ………………. the facts.
Answer: out
Explanation: “Bear out” means to confirm or support something. “Out” completes the idea of providing evidence. Example: “His theory was borne out by the results.”
12. A good teacher should bear …………….. the habits of her students.
Answer: with
Explanation: “Bear with” means to tolerate or be patient with someone or something. “With” indicates patience. Example: “Please bear with me while I resolve the issue.”
13. The Principal called …………… the meeting scheduled for today.
Answer: off
Explanation: “Call off” means to cancel something. “Off” completes the sense of cancellation. Example: “The event was called off due to bad weather.”
14. He has fainted; call ………….. a doctor at once.
Answer: in
Explanation: “Call in” means to summon someone, typically for help. “In” indicates bringing someone into a situation. Example: “They called in a specialist for the project.”
15. Mahatma Gandhi asked us to do …………….. with our bad habits.
Answer: away
Explanation: “Do away with” means to eliminate or get rid of something. “Away” emphasizes removal. Example: “The organization aims to do away with corruption.”
24. Anjana piled ……… all the dirty dishes in the kitchen sink.
Answer: up
Explanation: “Pile up” means to stack or accumulate. “Up” denotes an increase in quantity. Example: “The paperwork piled up over the week.”
Ron’e Dutta is a journalist, teacher, aspiring novelist, and blogger who manages Online Free Notes. An avid reader of Victorian literature, his favourite book is Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. He dreams of travelling the world. You can connect with him on social media. He does personal writing on ronism.
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