Get textual answers, explanations, solutions, notes, extras, MCQs, PDF of Chapter 10: ISE Class 12 English Language/Grammar (Total English) solved which comprises Tenses and Their Use – III, Characterisation, Prepositions, Specimen Paper-10. However, the educational materials should only be used for reference, and students are encouraged to make necessary changes.
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Tenses and Their Use IV
ASSIGNMENT 1
Fill in the blanks with the Simple Future or Future Continuous form of the verbs given in the brackets:
1. I am sure we __________ (have) a good time staying with them.
Answer: will have
Explanation: We use “will” with the base form of the verb (here, “have”) to talk about things we are sure will happen in the future. Think of it as making a promise or prediction about the future. For example, “I will play with you tomorrow” means I am sure it will happen.
2. If you come before noon, I __________ (wait) for you in my cabin.
Answer: will wait
Explanation: This is also a promise or plan for the future. The word “if” here is like a condition: if something happens (you come before noon), then something else will happen (I will wait). For example, “If it rains, I will stay inside” shows a condition and what will follow.
3. Rose is seventeen now, next year she __________ (be) eighteen.
Answer: will be
Explanation: When we talk about someone’s age in the future, we use “will” with “be.” It’s like saying what will happen as time goes on. For instance, “I will be taller next year” means I expect to grow by then.
4. At this time tomorrow, I __________ (enjoy) myself in Mussoorie.
Answer: will be enjoying
Explanation: This is the “Future Continuous” tense. We use “will be” + verb ending in -ing to show something that will be happening at a specific time in the future. For example, “At 5 PM tomorrow, I will be playing football” means I will already be doing that action at that time.
5. If you go there now, they __________ (have) dinner.
Answer: will be having
Explanation: This is also “Future Continuous.” Even though it says “now,” the sentence predicts what will be happening if you go. For example, “If you call me at 8 PM, I will be sleeping” means I will already be doing that when you call.
6. This store __________ (reopen) on 26th December.
Answer: will reopen
Explanation: “Will” is used here to make a statement about something planned for the future. It’s like saying what will happen on a certain date. For example, “The park will open next week” tells us about a planned event.
7. My father __________ (retire) at the age of 60.
Answer: will retire
Explanation: “Will” is used to talk about future actions or decisions. This sentence is like saying what someone will do when the time comes. For instance, “I will start school at 5 years old” explains what will happen in the future.
8. They __________ (reach) Bhutan on Sunday.
Answer: will reach
Explanation: We use “will” to talk about something planned or expected to happen in the future. For example, “We will arrive home at 6 PM” means we think this will happen at that time.
12. She __________ (wait) outside her office for you this evening.
Answer: will be waiting
Explanation: This is “Future Continuous.” “Will be” + verb ending in -ing shows something happening at a specific time in the future. For instance, “She will be cooking dinner at 7 PM” means she will already be in the middle of doing it at that time.
ASSIGNMENT 2
Fill in the blanks using the Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous form of the verbs given in the brackets.
1. You __________ (learn) English by the end of this year.
Answer: will have learned
Explanation: The “Future Perfect” tense (will have + past participle) is used to describe something that will be completed before a specific time in the future. For example, “I will have finished my work by noon” means the action will be done by that time.
2. You began to study Spanish in January, by December, you __________ (learn) it for a whole year.
Answer: will have been learning
Explanation: The “Future Perfect Continuous” tense (will have been + verb-ing) is used to show the duration of an action that will continue up to a specific time in the future. For example, “By next week, I will have been working here for a year” means I will have worked for a year by then.
3. The film __________ not __________ (start) before we reach the theatre.
Answer: will not have started
Explanation: The “Future Perfect” tense is used here to describe something that will not be completed by a certain time. For example, “The bus will not have arrived before we leave” shows that the action won’t happen before the mentioned time.
4. By the fifteenth of March, I __________ (look) after him for six weeks.
Answer: will have been looking
Explanation: The “Future Perfect Continuous” tense is used to express the duration of an action that continues up to a specific time in the future. For example, “By next month, she will have been teaching for ten years” describes how long the action has lasted.
5. We __________ (finish) this lesson by the end of this period.
Answer: will have finished
Explanation: The “Future Perfect” tense is used to talk about something that will be completed before a specified time. For example, “I will have completed the project by Monday” means it will be done by then.
6. By November, we __________ (learn) these lessons for five months.
Answer: will have been learning
Explanation: The “Future Perfect Continuous” tense is used here to show the ongoing nature of the action and its duration up to a specific point in the future. For example, “By December, they will have been living here for three years” indicates how long the action has been happening.
7. Two months from now, she __________ (take) her final examination.
Answer: will have taken
Explanation: The “Future Perfect” tense is used for actions that will be completed by a specific time in the future. For example, “By next week, I will have visited the museum” means the action will be done by then.
10. By six o’clock, I __________ (sit) here for ten hours.
Answer: will have been sitting
Explanation: The “Future Perfect Continuous” tense is used here to emphasize the duration of an action up to a specific future time. For example, “By 10 PM, I will have been waiting for you for three hours” highlights how long the action will have lasted.
Characterisation
ASSIGNMENT
1. Choose two people you are closely associated with (friends, family members). Describe them bringing out the striking differences in their personalities.
[Hints: Two people with contrasting personalities – general attitude (introvert/ extrovert, shy/confident) – behaviour (rude/polite, generous/miserly) – contrasts in appearance, dress and body language.]
Two Different Personalities
Two people I know closely are my cousin Ramesh and my friend Priya. They are very different from each other, and this is what makes knowing them interesting.
Ramesh is quiet and reserved. He prefers to stay at home, read books, or watch documentaries. He doesn’t like large gatherings and often avoids speaking unless necessary. His calm nature sometimes makes him seem serious, but he is kind-hearted. Ramesh is tall and thin, always dressed in simple, neatly ironed clothes. His body language is composed, and he rarely makes quick movements or gestures. He speaks softly and thinks before sharing his opinions.
Priya, on the other hand, is the complete opposite. She is cheerful and extroverted. She loves being around people, talking, and making others laugh. Priya is confident and never shies away from speaking her mind. Her generous nature shows in the way she helps friends or supports someone in need. She is short and sturdy and dresses in bright, trendy outfits. Her lively expressions and energetic movements match her loud, bubbly personality.
Despite their differences, I admire both of them. Ramesh teaches me to stay calm and patient, while Priya reminds me to enjoy life and be brave. They balance each other out in my life and show me the beauty of unique personalities.
2. You visited an old-age home with your parents. On your return your sister is eager to know about the people there. Give a general description of the residents and your interaction with them and describe a person whom you found particularly interesting.
A Visit to an Old-Age Home
Yesterday, I visited an old-age home with our parents. It was a quiet and clean place, filled with elderly people who live there. Most of them were sitting together, chatting or reading newspapers. Some were walking slowly around the garden, while a few others sat quietly, lost in their thoughts. The place had a peaceful feeling, but I could sense that many of them missed their families.
I spoke to a few of the residents, and they were all kind and happy to have visitors. They told us stories from their youth, and some asked about our lives. It was heartwarming to see their smiles as they talked. One woman even sang an old song, which everyone enjoyed.
Among all the people, I found a man named Subramaniam particularly interesting. He was about seventy-five years old, with white hair and thick glasses. He sat in a chair, carving small wooden toys. When I asked about it, he told me he had been a carpenter for most of his life. He showed me the toys he had made—small animals and birds—and gave one to me as a gift. Subramaniam spoke with great pride about his craft and shared stories of building furniture for people in his village. Despite his age, he was cheerful and full of energy.
The visit made me realise how much happiness a little company can bring to elderly people. I felt grateful for the chance to talk to them and learn about their lives.
3. Create a fictional superhero of your own.
[Hints: Elaborate details of appearance and dress – supernatural powers – acts of kindness and welfare].
The Whispering Wind
In the small coastal town of Rameshwaram, a superhero named Vayuman quietly watches over the people. His name means “Wind Man,” and his power lies in his control over the air and sound waves, making him an invisible force of justice.
Vayuman has an unassuming appearance. He wears a grey, flowing outfit that blends with the sky and sea, designed to help him disappear into his surroundings. His cape is lightweight, moving like a breeze even when there’s no wind. His mask, shaped like a gust of air, covers his face completely, making him a mysterious figure. He carries a small staff that hums softly, amplifying his powers.
Vayuman’s superpower is the ability to control sound and wind. He can hear whispers from miles away, catching plans of wrongdoers before they act. By manipulating sound waves, he can make his voice echo in different places, confusing enemies. He can also use the wind to carry messages or warnings to those in danger. His most unique ability is creating “silent zones,” where sound completely disappears, stopping criminals from calling for help or using alarms.
Though he never seeks attention, Vayuman’s actions speak for him. He once foiled a group of poachers in the forests near Chennai by using his silent zones to trap them without harming the animals. In another instance, he stopped a child from being swept away in a cyclone by controlling the winds and gently pushing the child to safety. He often leaves notes, carried by the wind, to guide lost travelers or warn fishermen of storms.
Vayuman’s quiet strength has made him a guardian of the people. He is not seen often, but his presence is always felt. The whispering wind carries his promise: protection, safety, and justice for all.
Specimen Paper-10
Question 1
Write a composition (in approximately 400-450 words) on any one of the following subjects.
(i) Friends are those who know your shortcomings and accept you. Describe a meeting with a friend which you can never forget.
A Meeting to Remember
True friends are those who accept you as you are, with all your flaws and shortcomings. They stand by you, not just during happy times but also when you struggle. One such meeting with my closest friend, Ananya, remains etched in my memory forever.
It was during my Class 9 final exams. I had prepared for weeks but suddenly fell ill just two days before the Mathematics exam. I was anxious and miserable, lying in bed with a high fever. My parents were worried, and I could see their concern. Though they comforted me, I felt like I was letting myself down.
On the morning before the exam, Ananya came to visit me. She walked into the room with her usual cheerful smile, holding a small box of my favourite sweets. “How can you be sick now? You can’t let Maths win, can you?” she joked, trying to lighten the mood. Seeing her brought some relief, but I quickly told her how unprepared I felt.
Instead of leaving me to rest, Ananya did something I will never forget. She sat beside me, opened her notebook, and said, “I’ll help you revise. I’ll do all the talking. You just listen, and we’ll get through it together.” For the next four hours, Ananya patiently explained the formulas and concepts I was unsure about. She repeated herself when I was too tired to focus, never losing her smile. Her confidence in me was stronger than my own.
At one point, I broke down. I told her I felt like a failure and that I might not even pass the exam. Ananya looked at me and said firmly, “It doesn’t matter if you pass or fail. I know how hard you’ve worked, and I’ll still be proud of you. You’ll always be my friend, no matter what.” Her words gave me a strange sense of comfort. I felt seen, flaws and all, and still accepted.
The next day, I went for the exam, nervous but determined. Ananya’s notes helped me answer most of the questions. While I wasn’t at my best, I knew I had given it my all. A few weeks later, when the results came out, I passed with better marks than I expected. Ananya was the first to celebrate with me, saying, “See? I knew you could do it.”
That meeting with Ananya taught me the true meaning of friendship. A real friend doesn’t leave when things get tough; they hold your hand and lift you up. Her kindness and support that day gave me the strength to believe in myself again. Even now, whenever I think of that day, I feel grateful to have a friend who accepts me, shortcomings and all.
(ii) You met your teacher, who taught you in Class II, after a decade. Narrate the chance meeting you had with him/her.
A Chance Meeting with My Class II Teacher
It had been over a decade since I last saw Mrs. Meera, my Class II teacher. She was the one who taught me to love reading and writing, but as years passed, memories of her faded into the background. I never imagined I would meet her again, and certainly not in the way it happened.
Last summer, I was travelling with my family to Chennai by train. The journey was long, and the train was crowded as always. At one of the stations, a group of elderly people boarded. My parents offered their seats to them, and I stood near the door, enjoying the breeze. Suddenly, I heard a familiar voice asking someone to adjust a bag. I turned around, and to my surprise, I saw a face I had known so well as a child—Mrs. Meera.
She looked the same, except her hair was now streaked with silver. She wore a simple saree and carried a large handbag over her shoulder, just as she used to when she taught us. For a moment, I wasn’t sure if she would remember me, but I gathered the courage to approach her. “Excuse me, ma’am. Are you Mrs. Meera?” I asked.
She looked at me with a kind smile, the one I had seen so many times when I was a little boy. “Yes, I am,” she replied. “But do I know you?”
“Ma’am, I’m Aryan. You taught me in Class II at Sunshine Public School,” I said, feeling both excited and nervous.
Her eyes widened, and her smile grew warmer. “Aryan? Oh, my dear! How you’ve grown!” she exclaimed, placing her hand on my head, just like she used to. It was a small gesture, but it brought back so many memories—her gentle scolding, the way she encouraged me to write my first story, and the sweets she handed out on special occasions.
We spent the next hour talking. Mrs. Meera told me about her retirement and how she spent her time teaching children in her neighbourhood. She was travelling to visit her daughter’s family. I told her about my studies, my dreams, and how much her words had inspired me back then.
Before leaving, she patted my shoulder and said, “I always knew you’d do well, Aryan. Remember, kindness and hard work will take you far.” Her words stayed with me as I watched her leave the train with a slow but steady walk.
Meeting Mrs. Meera after all these years felt like finding a missing piece of my childhood. It reminded me of the people who shape us and leave lasting marks on our lives, often without even knowing it.
(iii) There should be a compulsory military service of at least two years up to the age of 30 for every citizen. Express your views either FOR or AGAINST the given statement.
Compulsory Military Service: A Necessary Step or Not?
I believe that compulsory military service of at least two years up to the age of 30 should not be enforced for every citizen. While the idea of discipline, patriotism, and national security may sound appealing, enforcing such a rule in a diverse country like India brings more challenges than benefits.
Firstly, freedom of choice is a fundamental right. Every citizen has different dreams, ambitions, and talents. Some may wish to pursue a career in medicine, engineering, teaching, or the arts. Forcing them into military service could disrupt their education and personal goals. In a free society, individuals should have the choice to decide how they contribute to the nation.
Secondly, not everyone is physically or mentally suited for military life. The rigorous training demands a certain level of fitness and mental strength. Forcing unwilling individuals into such an environment might not only be harmful for them but could also affect the efficiency of the armed forces. The military needs motivated and dedicated individuals, not those who are forced to participate.
Additionally, the economic impact cannot be ignored. Millions of young citizens taking two years off their careers would delay their entry into the workforce, affecting personal growth and the economy. Instead of mandatory service, the government can encourage voluntary military training or programs that teach discipline, survival skills, and patriotism.
Most importantly, there are many other ways to serve the country. Doctors, teachers, scientists, engineers, and artists all contribute to building a stronger nation. Military service is not the only way to show love for one’s country. Citizens should be encouraged to serve society through their skills and professions.
In conclusion, while military service instills discipline and a sense of duty, making it compulsory is unfair and impractical. Instead, the focus should be on improving the voluntary recruitment system and providing opportunities for citizens to contribute to the nation in ways that align with their strengths and interests. A nation thrives when its people are free to choose their paths and serve society willingly, not under compulsion.
(iv) Happiness is not by chance, but by choice. Present your reflections on this statement.
Happiness: A Matter of Choice
The saying “Happiness is not by chance, but by choice” holds great truth. Many people believe that happiness depends on luck, wealth, or circumstances, but in reality, it is a state of mind that we choose for ourselves. Life is full of ups and downs, yet the way we respond to situations shapes our happiness.
Happiness does not come automatically. It is not something we stumble upon like an unexpected treasure. Instead, it is built through our actions, attitudes, and decisions. A person might have all the comforts in life—money, a good house, and a family—but still feel unhappy if they focus only on what they lack. On the other hand, someone with fewer resources might find joy in small moments, like a good conversation, a beautiful sunset, or spending time with loved ones.
One of the key choices we make for happiness is to focus on the positive. Life will always have challenges, but dwelling only on problems makes us feel miserable. Choosing to find solutions or learning to accept things we cannot change allows us to move forward with peace.
Happiness also comes from choosing gratitude. People who are thankful for what they have tend to be more content. Instead of complaining about life’s imperfections, they find joy in simple blessings. For example, helping a friend, enjoying a home-cooked meal, or watching children play can create a sense of happiness that no amount of wealth can replace.
Furthermore, happiness depends on the relationships we build. Choosing to surround ourselves with positive, supportive people helps us stay cheerful. Spending time with family, friends, or even helping strangers makes life more meaningful and fulfilling.
Happiness also requires letting go of comparisons. In today’s world, it is easy to compare ourselves to others—how they look, what they own, or what they have achieved. However, such comparisons only bring dissatisfaction. Choosing to focus on our own journey, at our own pace, brings us closer to inner peace and happiness.
Lastly, pursuing passions and doing things we love brings lasting joy. Whether it is painting, reading, playing sports, or helping others, making time for what makes us happy is a conscious choice.
In conclusion, happiness is not a result of luck or chance. It is created through our choices—choosing positivity over negativity, gratitude over complaints, and action over inaction. By finding joy in small things and living with purpose, we can create a happier life for ourselves and those around us.
(v) Time.
Time
Time is the most precious resource we have. Unlike money or material things, once time is lost, it can never be recovered. It moves forward constantly, unaffected by our wishes or actions. How we use it determines the quality of our lives.
Time is equal for everyone. Whether rich or poor, young or old, each person has twenty-four hours in a day. However, the difference lies in how we spend those hours. People who value time and use it wisely achieve their goals, while those who waste it often regret it later. Time does not wait for anyone. Procrastination, or delaying important tasks, leads to missed opportunities and unfinished work.
Time teaches us the importance of discipline. Students who manage their time well perform better in studies. They divide their day between learning, playing, and resting. Those who waste hours on distractions often struggle to complete their work. Adults, too, must balance work, family, and personal life to make the most of their time.
Time is also a healer. When we face difficult situations, we may feel pain, sadness, or loss. But with time, these feelings begin to fade, and we learn to move on. It gives us the strength to accept things and find hope again.
At the same time, time is unforgiving. If we fail to use it well, we cannot turn back the clock. A student who does not study for exams cannot make up for the wasted hours later. Similarly, opportunities in life come and go. If we do not act quickly, they slip away.
Time also reminds us of the value of memories. As days pass, moments become memories that we cherish. Time spent with family, friends, or doing something we love is never wasted. These moments stay with us, bringing happiness in the future.
In conclusion, time is a gift that must be used wisely. Every second counts, and once it is gone, it never comes back. By respecting time, managing it well, and living in the present, we can achieve success and happiness. As the saying goes, “Time and tide wait for none,” so it is up to us to make the most of every moment.
(vi) Write an original short story that begins with the following: The busy bee has no time for sorrow.
The Busy Bee Has No Time for Sorrow
The busy bee has no time for sorrow. That was what Arya’s grandmother always said whenever life threw challenges at her. “Keep moving forward, keep working hard,” she would say with a gentle smile. Arya never fully understood what that meant—until one summer morning that changed everything.
Arya was fourteen, a bright and energetic boy living in a small village named Chandrapur. His family owned a little farm that provided just enough for them to live on. Arya’s father worked tirelessly in the fields, while his mother looked after the household. Arya often helped out, though he spent most of his time studying, dreaming of becoming an engineer one day.
That summer, a sudden storm struck their village. It was unlike anything they had seen before—strong winds and heavy rains destroyed everything in their path. When the storm finally calmed, Arya walked outside and froze. The fields were ruined. The crops his father had worked so hard to grow were flattened, and the mud lay heavy over everything. His father sat on the edge of the broken fence, head in his hands, silent.
Days passed, and sorrow filled their home. The family had no savings, and the ruined harvest meant there would be no money for months. Arya’s father stopped speaking much, and his mother, though strong, looked tired and worried. Arya felt helpless. He wanted to cry, to scream at the unfairness of it all. But his grandmother’s words echoed in his head— The busy bee has no time for sorrow.
That morning, Arya made a decision. He grabbed an old basket and told his mother, “I’m going to the market.” She looked puzzled but didn’t stop him. Arya spent the day collecting wild berries and herbs from the forest, things he had often seen traders sell. He returned home dusty and tired but with a full basket. The next morning, he took his collection to the market and sold it for a small amount. It wasn’t much, but it was something.
Every day after that, Arya woke up at dawn and worked tirelessly. He gathered herbs, plucked berries, and even offered to carry goods for traders in exchange for small payments. Soon, his hard work caught the attention of an old fruit seller named Raghavan, who allowed Arya to help him in exchange for a share of the profits. Arya worked like the “busy bee” his grandmother spoke of—no complaints, no tears, just effort.
Months passed, and Arya managed to save enough to help his family buy seeds for a new crop. His father, inspired by Arya’s determination, returned to the fields, and his mother’s smile slowly came back. One evening, as they sat together for dinner, Arya’s father placed a hand on his shoulder. “You’ve taught us something important, Arya,” he said. “Hard work is stronger than sorrow.”
That night, Arya sat on the porch, looking up at the stars. He missed his carefree days, but he realised something—moving forward and staying hopeful could change everything. Like the busy bee, he had kept working, and in doing so, he had brought his family back to life.
From that day on, Arya carried his grandmother’s words in his heart. He knew there would be storms in life, but as long as he kept moving, kept working, there would always be hope.
Question 2
(i) Write an article for a local newspaper on the topic: ‘Ban on Single-Use Plastic’. Base your article on the points given below:
The first man-made plastic was invented by Alexander Parks in 1885 – it was made by chemical reaction – was strong, could be easily moulded in any form and could not perish for several hundred years – these features made plastic a household feature for every need: storing goods, furniture, decoration, carry bags, ….. etc., – unfortunately these features, especially its non-biodegradability has made it a biggest threat to nature, vis-a-vis existence of mankind on earth – Indian government has recently launched a campaign to end the use of single-use plastic in the country – single-use plastic, its meaning and uses – repercussions of ban on single-use plastic – role of public. (You may also include other relevant details.)
Ban on Single-Use Plastic: A Step Towards Saving Our Planet
The invention of plastic in 1885 by Alexander Parks was seen as a groundbreaking achievement. It was strong, durable, and could be easily moulded into various forms. Plastic quickly became a part of daily life, used for storing goods, making furniture, decorations, and carry bags. However, the very quality that made plastic so useful—its non-biodegradability—has now turned it into one of the greatest threats to the environment and mankind.
Single-use plastic, in particular, has caused the most harm. These are items like plastic bags, straws, bottles, and packaging materials that are used only once and then thrown away. They do not decompose for hundreds of years, choking drains, littering roads, and polluting rivers and oceans. Plastic waste harms marine life, poisons soil, and enters the food chain, affecting both animals and humans.
Recognising this danger, the Indian government has recently launched a campaign to ban single-use plastic. This ban is a much-needed step to reduce pollution and protect the environment. However, the move also raises questions about its repercussions. Small businesses that depend on cheap plastic for packaging and selling goods may face challenges initially. Alternatives like cloth bags, paper, or biodegradable materials may cost more. Yet, this short-term struggle is necessary for long-term benefits.
The success of this ban depends on the role of the public. Citizens must support the government’s decision by avoiding single-use plastic and switching to eco-friendly alternatives. People must carry reusable bags, use steel or glass bottles, and say no to plastic straws or cutlery. Awareness campaigns in schools, offices, and markets can help educate people about the harmful effects of plastic waste.
The ban on single-use plastic is a call to protect our planet for future generations. It reminds us that while plastic was a miracle invention, its careless use has turned it into a disaster. By supporting this ban and making small changes in our daily habits, we can ensure a cleaner and safer environment. After all, saving the earth is not just the government’s responsibility but ours as well.
(ii) As the Head Boy/Head Girl of your school, you have been given the responsibility of setting up a ‘Green Thumbs Club’ for those students who wish to pursue their hobby of gardening. Write a proposal in about 150 words, stating the steps you would take to successfully establish this club.
[The proposal should include: (i) An introduction; (ii) Objectives; (iii) List of measures to be taken. A concluding statement is desirable.]
Proposal to Establish the ‘Green Thumbs Club’
As the Head Boy/Head Girl of the school, I propose the creation of the ‘Green Thumbs Club’ to encourage students interested in gardening and environmental care.
The club aims to promote the hobby of gardening, teach students about sustainable practices, and develop a sense of responsibility towards nature. It will create a greener school campus and raise awareness about the importance of plants.
Measures to be Taken:
- Identify interested students through a sign-up form.
- Allocate a small plot of land within the school campus for gardening activities.
- Organise workshops on planting techniques, composting, and plant care with the help of teachers and local experts.
- Provide basic tools, seeds, and plants to the members.
- Conduct weekly activities like planting, watering, and maintaining the garden.
- Hold competitions such as “Best Plant Care” and “Most Innovative Garden.”
This club will not only nurture students’ gardening interests but also make our school greener and more beautiful. I look forward to your approval and support.
Question 3
Answer sections (i), (ii) and (iii).
(i) In each of the following items, sentence I is complete, while sentence II is not. Complete sentence II, making it as similar as possible to sentence I. Write sentence II in each case.
1. In each of the following items, sentence I is complete, while sentence II is not. Complete sentence II, making it as similar as possible to sentence I. Write sentence II in each case.
(a) I. All the girls have brought their laptops with them.
II. Each of the girls _________________________.
Answer: Each of the girls has brought her laptop with her.
(b) I. The poorer you are, the more will be your scholarship.
II. If you are _________________________.
Answer: If you are poor, your scholarship will be more.
(c) I. They had to shut down the computers before leaving the office.
II. The computers _________________________.
Answer: The computers had to be shut down before leaving the office.
(d) I. How long I shall stay is doubtful.
II. It _________________________.
Answer: It is doubtful how long I shall stay.
(e) I. If Rita had finished her work earlier, she would have gone to the market.
II. Had _________________________.
Answer: Had Rita finished her work earlier, she would have gone to the market.
(ii) Fill in each blank with a suitable word. (Do not write the sentence.)
1. His wife has complete authority __________ him.
Answer: over
Explanation: The word “over” is used to show control or power someone has over another person. For example, “The teacher has authority over the students.”
2. I make my claim on the authority __________ my experience.
Answer: of
Explanation: The word “of” is used here to show possession or association. It means the authority comes from or is based on the experience.
3. Though he is very sick, he will pull __________.
Answer: through
Explanation: The phrase “pull through” means to recover from a difficult situation, usually illness. For example, “She pulled through after the surgery.”
4. He was pulled __________ for his slovenliness.
Answer: up
Explanation: The phrase “pulled up” means to be scolded or reprimanded for something. For example, “He was pulled up for being late to school.”
5. He disliked the play so much that he walked __________ in the middle of the first act.
Answer: out
Explanation: The phrase “walked out” means to leave a place in protest or dissatisfaction. For example, “The audience walked out because the movie was boring.”
6. Walking barefoot __________ the grass is very good for health.
Answer: on
Explanation: The preposition “on” is used to show the surface a person is walking on. For example, “Walking on sand feels relaxing.”
7. She soon got __________ her anxiety.
Answer: over
Explanation: The phrase “got over” means to recover from something, such as an emotional state. For example, “He got over his fear of heights.”
8. In anger he told the man to get __________ of his house.
Answer: out
Explanation: The phrase “get out” is used to tell someone to leave a place immediately. For example, “She told him to get out of the room.”
9. I do not understand why he has suddenly turned __________ me.
Answer: against
Explanation: The phrase “turned against” means to stop supporting or liking someone. For example, “He turned against his friend after a misunderstanding.”
10. He applied for the post but he was turned __________.
Answer: down
Explanation: The phrase “turned down” means to reject or refuse something. For example, “She turned down the job offer because it was too far from her home.”
(iii) Fill in the blanks in the passage given below with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets. Do not write the passage, but write the verbs in the correct order.
Once there was a caliph who was very sick. All the physicians of his country ___(1) (agree) that the caliph ___(2) (can) only be cured by placing the shirt of a happy man under his head. So messengers ___(3) (send) to all places ___(4) (find) a happy man. But a happy man was very difficult to find—all had their own tales of woe and worries. At last they came upon a shepherd who seemed very happy, for he ___(5) (laugh) and singing as he watched his flock. When questioned, the shepherd said he could not ___(6) (imagine) anyone happier than he. The caliph’s messengers begged the shepherd ___(7) (give) them his shirt. But the shepherd told them he did not have one! When the caliph heard this, he began ___(8) (think) about it. Finally, he came out of his room, and ___(9) (give) away his silk cushions and precious stones. And as the tale goes, from that time, good health and happiness ___(10) (restore) to the caliph.
Answer:
- agreed
- could
- were sent
- to find
- was laughing
- imagine
- to give
- to think
- gave
- was restored
Question 4
Read the passage given below and answer the questions (i), (ii) and (iii) that follow
(1). I was sitting in my easy-chair,idly turning the pages of a paperbacked book someone had left on the bus when I came across the reference that put me on the trial.
(2) The reference was to a non-human species of incredible properties, not indigenous to Earth. A species, I hasten to point out, customarily masquerading as ordinary human beings. Their disguise, however, became transparent in the face of the following observations by the author. The line read: “… his eyes moved from person to person.” “
(3) There it was in a nutshell. The eyes had clearly come apart from the rest of him and were on their own. My heart pounded and my breath choked in my windpipe. I had stumbled on an accidental mention of a totally unfamiliar race. Obviously non-terrestrial. Yet, to the characters in the book, it was perfectly natural — which suggested they belonged to the same species.
(4) The story continued: “… presently his eyes fastened on Julia.”
(5) Julia, being a lady, had at least the breeding to feel indignant. She is described as blushing and knitting her brows angrily. At this, I sighed with relief. They were not all non-terrestrials. The narrative continues: “… slowly, calmly, his eyes examined every inch of her.”
(6) Great Scott! But here the girl turned and stomped off and the matter ended.
(7) Here was a race of creatures capable of removing portions of their anatomy at will. Eyes, arms – and maybe more. Without batting an eyelash, my knowledge ofBiology came in handy, at this point. Obviously they were simple beings, unicellular, some sort of primitive single-celled things no more developed than starfish. Starfish can do the same thing, you know.
(8) I read on. And came to this incredible revelation, tossed off coolly by the author without the faintest tremor: “… outside the movie theater we split up. Part of us went inside, part over to the cafe for dinner.”
(9) Binary fission, obviously. Splitting in half and forming two entities. Probably each lower half went to the cafe, it beingfarther, and the upper halves to the movies. I read on, hands shaking. I had really stumbled onto something here. My mind reeled as I made out this passage: “… I am afraid there is no doubt about it. Poor Bibney has lost his head again.” Which was followed by: “… and Bob says he has utterly no guts.”
(10) There was no doubt of the thing in the next passage. Julia, whom I had thought to be the one normal person, reveals herself as also being an alien life form, similar to the rest: “… quite deliberately, Julia had given her heart to the young man.”
(11) It didn’t relate what the final disposition of the organ was. It was evident Julia had gone right on living in her usual manner, like all the others in the book. Without heart, arms, eyes, brains, viscera, dividing up in two when the occasion demanded.
(i) (a) Given below are three words and phrases. Find a word that has similar meaning in the phrase:
(1) unbelievable
(2) native
(3) pretending to be something that you are not
Answer: (1) incredible
(2) indigenous
(3) masquerading
(b) For each of the words given below, choose the correct sentence that uses the same word unchanged in spelling, but with a different meaning from that which it carries in the passage:
(1) book (line 1):
(A) The old book contains generations of family recipes and traditions.
(B) As an avid reader, she was lost in the enchanting narrative of the book.
(C) She went to the library to get a book which was not available in the market.
(D) I would like to book a table for two at 8 o’clock tonight.
Answer: (D) I would like to book a table for two at 8 o’clock tonight.
(2) trail (line 2):
(A) His charitable work followed the trail of his father’s work.
(B) My dog got lost following the trail of a rabbit.
(C) The trail of peanut shells led us to the culprit.
(D) The toddler preferred to trail behind us, slowing us down.
Answer: (B) My dog got lost following the trail of a rabbit.
(3) rest (line 7):
(A) Among the treasures, a mysterious artifact stood out from the rest.
(B) After the feast, the rest of the guests also left for home.
(C) She had a good night’s rest at her uncle’s house.
(D) The explorer examined what was left of the rest of the ancient ruins.
Answer: (C) She had a good night’s rest at her uncle’s house.
(ii) (a) What put the narrator on a trail?
Answer: The narrator was put on a trail when he read a reference in a book about a non-human species masquerading as humans, with the line: “… his eyes moved from person to person,” suggesting eyes detached from the body.
(b) How does the narrator’s knowledge of Biology help him to understand the new race of creatures?
Answer: The narrator’s knowledge of Biology helps him by linking the creatures to simple, unicellular organisms like starfish, which can regenerate body parts. He also identifies their ability to divide into two as binary fission, a biological process seen in simpler life forms.
(c) What does the narrator think about Julia initially? What is revealed about her later on in the passage?
Answer: Initially, the narrator believes Julia is normal because she reacts indignantly to unusual behavior. However, later it is revealed that she is also part of the alien species when she gives away her heart but continues to live normally.
(iii) Summarise what does the narrator come to know about the non-human species from the book he found in the bus, as mentioned in paragraphs 2 to 10. You are required to write the summary in the form of a connected passage in about 100 words. Failure to keep within the word limit will be penalised.
Answer: The narrator discovers a non-human species while reading a book, which describes creatures with the ability to detach body parts like eyes and arms and still function. Initially believing them to be ordinary humans, he deduces from phrases like “split up” that they reproduce through binary fission, similar to unicellular organisms. References such as “losing one’s head” and “giving away one’s heart” indicate their anatomy can separate without consequence. Julia, whom the narrator initially thought to be normal, also exhibits alien traits. The species lives and behaves naturally despite these extraordinary abilities, which astonish the narrator.
Ron’e Dutta is a journalist, teacher, aspiring novelist, and blogger who manages Online Free Notes. An avid reader of Victorian literature, his favourite book is Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. He dreams of travelling the world. You can connect with him on social media. He does personal writing on ronism.
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