Get textual answers, explanations, solutions, notes, extras, MCQs, PDF of Chapter 15: ISE Class 12 English Language/Grammar (Total English) solved which comprises Transformation-Miscellaneous Exercises, Free Choice Composition, Prepositions, and Specimen Paper-15. However, the educational materials should only be used for reference, and students are encouraged to make necessary changes.
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Transformation-Miscellaneous Exercises
In each of the following items, sentence A is complete while sentence B is not. Complete sentence B, making it as similar in meaning as possible to sentence A. Write down sentence B.
1. The weather has not improved yet, and no planes will take off until then.
Answer: If the weather does not improve, no planes will take off.
Explanation: This transformation uses a conditional “if” to rewrite the sentence while maintaining its meaning. “If” is often used to show a condition that must be met for something else to happen.
2. You can see the lake from here only on a clear day.
Answer: Only on a clear day can you see the lake from here.
Explanation: This sentence is rewritten using inversion after “only.” In English, phrases like “only” at the beginning require inversion of the subject and verb.
3. His car was too old to complete the long journey in time.
Answer: His car was so old that it could not complete the long journey in time.
Explanation: The original sentence uses “too… to” to show inability. This is rewritten using “so… that,” which is another way of expressing cause and effect.
4. Can we achieve anything without hard work?
Answer: We cannot achieve anything without hard work.
Explanation: This rhetorical question is rewritten as a statement for clarity. It negates the possibility of achieving anything without hard work.
5. We did not enjoy ourselves because it rained.
Answer: If it had not rained, we would have enjoyed ourselves.
Explanation: This sentence is rewritten as a conditional using the third conditional structure (“if… had not… would have”). It indicates an unreal past condition and its hypothetical result.
6. He said he would come and see me soon.
Answer: He said, “I will come and see you soon.”
Explanation: The sentence converts reported speech back into direct speech. Quotation marks are used for direct speech.
7. Hurry up, or you can’t meet him.
Answer: If you don’t hurry up, you can’t meet him.
Explanation: This uses a conditional “if” to express the consequence of not hurrying.
8. He is so loyal that he does not break his promise.
Answer: He is loyal enough not to break his promise.
Explanation: The sentence uses “so… that” to describe loyalty and is rewritten using “enough… to” for variation while keeping the meaning intact.
9. The peon said to the Principal, “Let me go home.”
Answer: The peon requested the Principal to let him go home.
Explanation: Direct speech is converted into reported speech. The verb “said” is replaced with “requested,” and “let me” becomes “to let him” to maintain proper grammatical structure.
10. He understood the problem, but refused to solve it.
Answer: Although he understood the problem, he refused to solve it.
Explanation: The word “although” is used to show contrast between understanding the problem and refusing to solve it.
11. She reads slowly, still her comprehension is poor.
Answer: Despite reading slowly, her comprehension is poor.
Explanation: “Despite” is used to connect two ideas where one does not result in the expected outcome. It is followed by a noun or gerund (e.g., “reading”).
12. My friend has a heavy body, yet she is quite agile.
Answer: In spite of having a heavy body, she is quite agile.
Explanation: “In spite of” is used to introduce an unexpected or contrasting fact. It is followed by a noun or gerund phrase.
13. His friend having helped him, he is prospering.
Answer: Being helped by his friend, he is prospering.
Explanation: The gerund “being” is used to indicate the reason for his prosperity, simplifying the original participle phrase.
14. You are as intelligent as she is.
Answer: She is not less intelligent than you are.
Explanation: This sentence is rephrased to convey the same meaning using a negative comparison.
20. Alas! She has lost her father.
Answer: It is sad that she has lost her father.
Explanation: The exclamatory sentence “Alas!” is rewritten as a formal expression of sorrow using “It is sad that…”
Free Choice Composition
ASSIGNMENT
Write a composition on any one of the topics given below using the hints provided. You can add other relevant details:
1. Honesty
(i) Honesty as the best virtue.
(ii) Honesty as a fading virtue in the modern world.
(iii) Honesty is always rewarded.
Honesty
Honesty is one of the finest virtues a person can have. It means being truthful and sincere in words and actions. Honest people are trusted and respected by everyone. They live with a clear conscience and do not fear being caught in lies. This makes life simpler and more peaceful.
However, in today’s world, honesty seems to be disappearing. People often lie or cheat to get ahead. They think shortcuts will help them succeed faster. Dishonesty may bring temporary success, but it usually leads to bigger problems. Lies get exposed, and trust is lost forever. On the other hand, being honest might seem difficult at times, but it builds strong relationships and long-lasting respect.
Honesty often leads to unexpected rewards. A famous story is about a boy named Ramesh, who found a wallet full of money on his way to school. He returned it to its owner instead of keeping it. The man, grateful for Ramesh’s honesty, helped pay for his education. Such examples show how being truthful can bring good fortune in ways we might not expect.
Though honesty is not always easy, it is worth practicing. A world with more honest people is a world with fewer problems and more trust. Everyone benefits when truth is valued.
2. Pleasure
(i) Pleasure as the aim of human life.
(ii) Pleasure versus self-control.
(iii) Pleasure at any cost? Is it right?
Pleasure
Pleasure is something that everyone looks for in life. It makes people feel happy and alive. Many believe that finding pleasure is the main reason we live. When we enjoy moments with friends, eat our favorite food, or laugh at a funny joke, we feel a sense of joy that makes life worth living. Even small things like listening to music or taking a walk can bring happiness.
But sometimes, people wonder if chasing pleasure all the time is a good idea. Life is not always about doing what feels good. For example, studying for exams might not be fun, but it’s needed for a better future. Similarly, helping someone in need might take effort, but it gives a deeper kind of satisfaction. Self-control helps us balance fun with responsibilities. A boy named Ravi, for instance, spent all his time watching movies. It made him happy for a while, but soon his grades fell, and he felt stressed. When he started managing his time better, he felt a different kind of peace.
Some people want pleasure at any cost. This can be dangerous. For example, if someone cheats to win a game, they might feel happy for a moment, but it won’t last. It can also hurt others. True pleasure comes when we enjoy life without harming ourselves or others. Priya, a girl in my neighborhood, spent her evenings teaching kids from poor families. She said it gave her more joy than just playing on her phone.
Pleasure is an important part of life, but it shouldn’t be the only goal. Balancing joy with self-discipline makes life richer. Finding happiness in simple, honest ways is what keeps us truly content.
3. Rains
(i) Rains are the most beautiful natural phenomenon.
(ii) Rains cause misery to the common man.
(iii) Rains: a miracle of nature, what and how
Rains
Rains are one of nature’s most wonderful gifts. When the first drops fall from the sky, they bring a sense of relief after hot, dusty days. Children run out to play, splashing in puddles. Farmers look up with hope, knowing their crops will grow. The smell of wet earth is something everyone loves. It feels like the world has been washed clean.
But rains are not always kind. When it pours for days, life becomes difficult. Streets fill with water, making it hard to walk or drive. People waiting at bus stops get drenched. In cities, clogged drains turn roads into small rivers, causing chaos. For the poor, whose homes may not be strong, heavy rains bring fear. They worry their roofs might leak or even collapse. Shopkeepers shut their doors to keep their goods safe from water damage.
Rains are truly a miracle of nature. Clouds, formed from water vapor, travel far to pour their treasures on the land. Without rains, rivers would dry up, and plants wouldn’t grow. Life itself would struggle. Yet, this miracle comes with its own challenges, teaching us to respect and prepare for nature’s power.
Though rains bring joy to some and hardship to others, they remind us of how connected we are to nature. Like Aarti, who sat by her window watching the drops hit the glass, or Ravi, who struggled to cycle home through flooded streets, everyone has their own story of the rains. These stories, full of moments both joyful and tough, make the rains unforgettable.
4. Kindness
(i) Kindness must be displayed towards all creatures.
(ii) The kind are often seen as the meek.
(iii) Kindness as a cherished virtue.
Kindness
Kindness is one of the best qualities a person can have. It is not only about being nice to people but also about caring for animals, birds, and nature. When you help an old man cross the road or feed a hungry dog, you show kindness. These small actions can bring great joy to others. A boy named Arjun in my neighborhood always brings food for stray dogs. Watching their wagging tails makes him smile. Such moments show how kindness connects us to every living being.
People often think kind people are weak. This is not true. It takes strength to be gentle when others are rude or angry. Being kind does not mean letting others take advantage of you. It means choosing to act with compassion even when it is hard. My classmate Aditi is like this. When someone teased her for lending her notes to a struggling student, she said, “Helping others never makes you smaller.” Her calm reply left everyone silent.
Kindness makes the world better. It spreads like ripples in a pond. A simple smile or a kind word can brighten someone’s day. It can inspire others to do good as well. When my teacher, Mrs. Sharma, helped a struggling student learn math, that student later helped her brother with his homework. One small act of kindness led to another.
Being kind makes you feel good too. It is a treasure that costs nothing but means everything. Everyone, no matter how rich or poor, can show kindness. When we treat each other and the world with care, life becomes happier for all.
5. Manners
(i) Importance of manners in life.
(ii) Manners and Discipline.
(iii) Manners make a man.
Manners
Manners are essential in our daily lives. They shape the way we interact with others and leave an impact on how we are perceived. Good manners help us build trust and respect with people around us. They show that we care about others and respect their feelings. A person with good manners is always welcomed and valued by society. In our day-to-day interactions, whether at school, home, or work, showing kindness and politeness can make a big difference.
Manners go hand in hand with discipline. When we follow certain rules of behavior, we show that we have control over our actions. Discipline helps us develop good habits, which, in turn, shape our manners. For instance, saying “please” and “thank you” is a habit that reflects good manners. It’s a simple way to show respect, and this respect comes from discipline. A disciplined person knows when and how to act in any situation, ensuring that their actions are always appropriate.
The saying “Manners make a man” holds true. A person’s character is often judged by the way they treat others. Someone with good manners is often seen as polite, humble, and kind. These qualities are what make a person respected and admired. No matter how skilled or intelligent a person may be, without good manners, they may not be well-liked. In today’s world, where everyone is busy, taking the time to be polite and considerate can go a long way in building strong relationships. Good manners make life smoother and more enjoyable for everyone.
6. Time
(i) Time is money.
(ii) Time is the best healer.
(iii) Time waits for none.
Time
Time is one of the most valuable things in life. It is often said that time is money. This means that wasting time is like losing something precious. My friend Ravi always tells me how his father used to say, “If you waste an hour, you lose a chance to do something meaningful.” This advice has stayed with him, and now he plans his day carefully.
Time also heals wounds. When Riya lost her pet, she was heartbroken. At first, nothing seemed to make her feel better, but as days turned into weeks, the pain slowly faded. She started smiling again and remembered her pet with love, not sadness. Time gives us the strength to move forward, even when it feels impossible.
Time waits for no one. Last year, my neighbor Raj had an exam. He thought he had plenty of time to prepare and kept delaying his studies. When the exam finally came, he was unprepared and regretted not starting earlier. This taught him a lesson. Now he makes sure to act on tasks without delay.
Everyone gets the same 24 hours in a day. What we choose to do with it shapes our lives. Managing time well is not just about success but also about living happily and making memories that last forever.
7. Success
(i) Success is no accident.
(ii) Success is a state of mind.
(iii) There are no shortcuts to success.
Success
Success is something everyone dreams of, but it doesn’t come easily. It is no accident. It takes hard work, patience, and dedication. My classmate Arjun wanted to become the best cricketer in school. He practiced every day, even when it was raining or he was tired. His effort paid off when he was chosen as the captain of our team. It showed that success doesn’t just happen; you have to work for it.
Success also begins in the mind. If you believe you can achieve something, you are already halfway there. My cousin Priya used to struggle with maths. She always thought she wasn’t good at it. One day, her teacher told her to change how she looked at it. Priya started telling herself, “I can solve this.” Slowly, her confidence grew, and her marks improved. Success, she learned, starts with believing in yourself.
There are no shortcuts to success. My uncle runs a small shop. When he started, it wasn’t easy. He worked long hours and sometimes felt like giving up. But he knew that taking shortcuts wouldn’t help in the long run. Over time, his hard work built trust with his customers, and now his shop is thriving. His journey shows that true success takes time and effort.
Success is not just about reaching a goal. It’s about the journey, the lessons you learn, and the person you become along the way. Hard work, belief in yourself, and patience are the keys to making it happen.
Prepositions
ASSIGNMENT
Fill in the blanks using appropriate prepositions:
1. I took him __________ a very learned man.
Answer: for
Explanation: “For” is used to indicate a specific belief or opinion about someone or something. For example, “I took her for a doctor because of her coat.”
2. This work will take __________ too much time.
Answer: up
Explanation: “Up” is used with “take” to indicate occupying time or space. For example, “This project will take up most of my weekend.”
3. Kindly turn __________ the lights before you go to bed.
Answer: off
Explanation: “Off” is used with “turn” to indicate stopping or deactivating something. For example, “Please turn off the fan when you leave.”
4. I applied for a job, but my application was turned __________.
Answer: down
Explanation: “Down” is used with “turn” to mean rejection or refusal. For example, “She turned down the invitation.”
5. The fire brigade came and put the fire __________.
Answer: out
Explanation: “Out” is used with “put” to mean extinguishing a fire. For example, “The firefighters put out the blaze quickly.”
6. Put __________ your shoes before entering the kitchen.
Answer: on
Explanation: “On” is used to indicate wearing something. For example, “Put on your coat; it’s cold outside.”
7. You must lay __________ something for the future.
Answer: aside
Explanation: “Aside” means to save or reserve something for later use. For example, “Lay aside some money for emergencies.”
8. Mr. Ram laid __________ a fortune on his daughter’s marriage.
Answer: out
Explanation: “Out” means spending or investing money. For example, “He laid out a large sum for the event.”
9. Mohan’s evidence does not bear __________ the charge.
Answer: out
Explanation: “Out” is used with “bear” to mean supporting or proving something. For example, “The data bears out the hypothesis.”
10. Try to bear __________ till you are out of this mess.
Answer: up
Explanation: “Up” with “bear” means to remain strong or endure. For example, “Bear up; things will get better.”
11. You can carry __________ with your studies without any disturbance.
Answer: on
Explanation: “On” with “carry” means to continue. For example, “Carry on with your work.”
12. We are confident that Mona will carry __________ the special trophy for acting.
Answer: off
Explanation: “Off” with “carry” means to win or achieve something. For example, “She carried off the award with grace.”
13. How did you come __________ this letter?
Answer: by
Explanation: “By” is used with “come” to mean finding something accidentally or by chance. For example, “How did you come by this rare book?”
14. The result will come __________ soon.
Answer: out
Explanation: “Out” is used to indicate something being revealed or published. For example, “The exam results came out yesterday.”
15. My friend called __________ my house today.
Answer: at
Explanation: “At” with “called” means visiting a place briefly. For example, “He called at the office to collect his papers.”
16. The teacher called __________ the names of his pupils twice a day.
Answer: out
Explanation: “Out” with “called” means announcing something loudly. For example, “She called out the names for attendance.”
17. We had planned to go to Rome, but our trip fell __________ when I got sick.
Answer: through
Explanation: “Through” is used with “fell” to indicate failure or cancellation. For example, “The deal fell through due to disagreements.”
18. This was a beautiful bungalow, but it has fallen __________ a state of neglect.
Answer: into
Explanation: “Into” is used to describe a transition into a particular state. For example, “The garden has fallen into disrepair.”
19. I lent him some books, but he hasn’t yet given them __________.
Answer: back
Explanation: “Back” is used with “given” to indicate returning something. For example, “Please give back the keys when you’re done.”
40. When you come to Delhi, do try to look us __________.
Answer: up
Explanation:”Up” is used with “look” to mean finding or visiting someone. For example, “Look me up when you’re in town.”
Specimen Paper-15
Question 1
Write a composition (in approximately 400-450 words) on any one of the following subjects.
(i) You have watched many historical movies over a long weekend. Suppose you are given a chance to meet a person from the past. Whom would you like to meet and why? Describe his/her personality traits which you wish to imbibe.
Answer:
Meeting Ashoka the Great
Over a long weekend, I immersed myself in historical movies showcasing India’s rich heritage. If given a chance to meet someone from the past, I would choose Ashoka the Great, one of India’s most remarkable emperors. His life journey—from a fierce conqueror to a messenger of peace—offers lessons that remain relevant.
Ashoka’s transformation following the Kalinga War fascinates me. His ability to reflect on his actions and change his path inspires admiration. After witnessing the devastation of war in 261 BCE, he renounced violence and embraced non-violence and welfare policies under Buddhism. This change in character reflects a deep sense of responsibility and compassion, qualities I wish to imbibe.
Ashoka’s personality was a blend of strength and humility. As a ruler, he unified a vast and diverse land, yet he had the wisdom to recognise that true strength lay in understanding and supporting others. His inscriptions, carved on pillars and rocks across the Indian subcontinent, show his efforts to promote moral living, justice, and respect for all beings. These messages, written in simple language, suggest he valued clarity and accessibility in communication—another trait I admire.
I am particularly drawn to his approach to governance. Ashoka prioritised the welfare of his people by improving infrastructure, healthcare, and education. His focus on building rest houses, hospitals, and water resources was an early example of inclusive development. This concern for the well-being of others reflects empathy, a quality essential in any era.
If I had the opportunity to converse with him, I would ask about his inner struggles—how he dealt with the guilt of the past and found the strength to change. I would also seek his advice on finding balance between ambition and compassion, especially in a world that often prizes success over kindness.
Ashoka’s life teaches us that mistakes, no matter how grave, can lead to growth if we have the courage to accept them and choose a better path. His transformation underscores the power of self-reflection and the ability to prioritise the greater good over personal ambition.
Meeting Ashoka would not only offer a chance to learn about his times but also to reflect on how his principles can be applied today. His legacy is a reminder that leadership is not just about ruling but about inspiring others through actions and ideals.
(ii) You visited a book fair recently and came across a small child, who was lost. You took him under your wings and helped unite him with his parents. Narrate your experience.
Answer:
A Memorable Day at the Book Fair
Last Saturday, I visited the annual book fair at Pragati Maidan in Delhi. The lively stalls, filled with books of every genre, attracted a huge crowd. As I browsed through the stalls, I noticed a small child standing near a toy counter. He looked frightened and had tears streaming down his cheeks.
I approached him gently and asked if he was lost. He nodded, unable to speak. I learned that his name was Aarav and he had come to the fair with his parents. While they were exploring the stalls, he had wandered off and could not find them. His little hands clutched a colourful bookmark, probably something he had picked up from a stall.
I reassured Aarav that I would help him find his parents. First, I took him to the nearby security booth. The guards there made an announcement over the loudspeaker, describing Aarav and asking his parents to come to the booth. Meanwhile, I tried to distract him by pointing out interesting things around us. He seemed especially curious about a giant stack of children’s books at one of the nearby stalls.
To keep him calm, I bought him a small picture book and read a few pages to him. Slowly, Aarav began to smile, though he still looked around anxiously. After what seemed like an hour but was probably just 15 minutes, we saw a couple rushing toward the booth. Aarav’s face lit up as he recognised them.
His parents hugged him tightly, thanking me profusely for staying with him and helping him feel safe. They explained that in the crowded fair, they had accidentally moved ahead, thinking Aarav was right behind them. The relief on their faces was unmistakable, and it felt rewarding to know I had played a small part in reuniting them.
As I watched them walk away, Aarav turned back and waved at me with a big smile. That small gesture warmed my heart and reminded me how simple acts of kindness can make a big difference.
The rest of the day, I couldn’t stop thinking about Aarav. While the book fair itself was wonderful, helping a lost child find his parents made it truly memorable. It was a reminder that amidst our busy lives, taking time to care for others creates moments of humanity that stay with us forever.
(v) Friendship.
Answer:
Friendship
Friendship is one of the most meaningful relationships in life. It is a bond built on trust, understanding, and mutual respect. Friends are the people we turn to for support, laughter, and companionship, making life’s journey more enjoyable and less lonely.
True friendship goes beyond mere words or gestures. It is about being there for each other during both happy and difficult times. A true friend celebrates your successes without envy and stands by you when you face challenges, offering comfort and encouragement. This unconditional support is what makes friendship special.
Friendship teaches valuable lessons. It shows the importance of empathy, as friends share their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Listening to a friend’s perspective helps us grow and develop a better understanding of the world around us. It also teaches us patience and forgiveness, as no relationship is without misunderstandings. Resolving conflicts strengthens the bond and builds resilience in the relationship.
Friends bring out the best in us. They inspire us to dream bigger, work harder, and become better versions of ourselves. Often, they see potential in us that we may overlook and motivate us to take steps toward our goals. They also provide honest feedback, even when it is hard to hear, because they genuinely care about our growth and well-being.
Friendship is not limited to grand gestures or constant communication. It is often reflected in the little things—checking in on someone after a bad day, remembering their favourite snack, or simply sitting together in comfortable silence. These small acts of kindness and understanding build a strong foundation over time.
In today’s fast-paced world, maintaining friendships requires effort. With busy schedules and physical distances, it is easy to lose touch. However, a true friendship can withstand these challenges if both individuals are committed to staying connected. Regular communication, even through a simple text or call, keeps the bond alive.
Friendship also transcends differences. People from diverse backgrounds and beliefs can form lasting friendships by focusing on shared interests and mutual respect. This diversity enriches the relationship, offering fresh perspectives and new experiences.
At its core, friendship is about accepting someone for who they are and being accepted in return. It brings joy, reduces stress, and adds meaning to life. A good friend becomes a second family, offering companionship and love without conditions. Nurturing friendships, therefore, is one of the most rewarding investments we can make in life.
(vi) The local year-end edition of a magazine invites readers to send in a short story about their unusual experiences. The title they have chosen is: A Strange Encounter.
Answer:
A Strange Encounter
It was a cold December evening, and I was driving back home after attending a wedding in a remote village near Chhatarpur. The road was deserted, with tall trees on both sides, their shadows stretching like ghostly figures under the dim light of the moon. I had been warned about the area being eerie at night, but I brushed it off as superstition.
As I turned a sharp corner, my car headlights illuminated a figure standing by the roadside. It was a man, dressed in white, waving at me to stop. My instincts told me to keep driving, but something about his helpless expression made me pull over. He seemed in his late thirties, with unkempt hair and an anxious look on his face.
“Please help me,” he said, his voice trembling. “My wife is in labour, and I need to get her to the hospital in the next village.”
Though hesitant, I agreed to help. He guided me to a small hut a little off the main road. Inside, a woman lay on a cot, visibly in pain. Without wasting time, we helped her into the car, and I drove as fast as I could toward the hospital.
The man kept thanking me repeatedly, his voice filled with relief. After an intense twenty minutes, we reached the hospital. Staff rushed to assist the woman, and the man turned to me with tears in his eyes. “You’ve saved my family,” he said. “I can never repay this kindness.”
I nodded, wishing them well, and drove off. However, as I returned to the same road, I noticed something odd. The area where I had picked them up was empty—there was no sign of the hut. I stopped, confused, and got out of the car. The ground was covered in undisturbed grass, as if no one had ever lived there.
Shaken, I drove home, questioning whether exhaustion had played tricks on my mind. The next day, I visited the hospital out of curiosity. To my shock, the staff informed me that a woman had delivered a healthy baby boy the previous night, but her husband had died a week earlier in an accident near the same road.
I left the hospital in silence, my heart pounding. Who was the man I had helped? Was it a dream or something beyond explanation? To this day, the encounter remains etched in my mind, a strange and unexplainable chapter in my life.
Question 2
(i) You love painting and have won many prizes in various competitions. You have also exhibited your paintings at the school foyer last year during the Annual Day Celebration.
You want to apply for admission into a prestigious college for doing an undergraduate course in Visual Arts. Write a Statement of Purpose (SoP) for the same, using the details given below:
Brief mention of your personality traits–Reason for choosing the college–Why you should be given admission in the college–Role of the institute in achieving your goals and aspirations. (You may also include other relevant details.)
Answer:
Statement of Purpose
I have always been drawn to painting as a way to express my thoughts and emotions. My passion for art began in childhood and grew stronger with time. Over the years, I have participated in various art competitions and was fortunate to win several prizes. One of the most fulfilling moments of my journey was exhibiting my work in the school foyer during the Annual Day Celebration last year. It gave me the confidence to believe in my abilities and pursue my dreams further.
I am an organised and curious learner who enjoys experimenting with ideas. Visual Arts has always fascinated me because it allows me to bring life to my imagination. I aim to join your esteemed institution, the National Institute of Fine Arts, as it is known for nurturing creative talent and providing excellent resources for aspiring artists. I admire the structured programme and the guidance offered by your experienced faculty. I believe this will help me refine my skills and explore new forms of artistic expression.
I am eager to be part of a community that values creativity and innovation. I bring with me a strong commitment to learning and an openness to constructive feedback. My previous experiences have taught me discipline and the importance of perseverance. I am confident that I can contribute positively to the learning environment while gaining valuable insights from my peers and teachers.
Joining your institute will be a step towards achieving my aspiration of becoming a professional artist. I hope to create meaningful works that reflect my perspective and resonate with others. With the support and training provided here, I aim to build a strong foundation for my future in the field of Visual Arts.
I look forward to the opportunity to grow as an artist and learn from the rich culture of this institution.
(ii) As a member of the Students’ Council of your school, you have been assigned the responsibility of setting up a ‘Kindness Club’ where the students and teachers can donate books and other useful goods to be sent to the children of slums. Write a proposal, in not more than 150 words, stating the steps you would take to set up this club.
[The proposal should include: (i) An introduction; (ii) Objectives; (iii) List of measures to be taken. A concluding statement is desirable.]
Proposal for Setting up a Kindness Club
Answer:
The Kindness Club aims to promote a culture of sharing and caring within the school. It will serve as a platform for students and teachers to donate books, stationery, clothes, and other essentials to support underprivileged children living in slums.
Objectives
- Encourage empathy and social responsibility among students.
- Provide necessary resources to children in need.
- Strengthen the bond between the school community and society.
Measures to Be Taken
- Assign a dedicated room in the school as a collection centre.
- Organise donation drives every month.
- Inform students and teachers through announcements and posters.
- Collaborate with local NGOs for efficient distribution of goods.
- Maintain a record of donations and share updates with the school.
This initiative will inspire generosity and bring smiles to many young faces while fostering a sense of community service.
Question 3
Answer sections (i), (ii) and (iii). (i) In each of the following items, sentence I is complete, while sentence II is not. Complete sentence II, making it as similar as possible to sentence I. Write sentence II in each case.
1. (I) We cannot start the function unless all the guests are present.
(II) If ___________________
Answer: If all the guests are not present, we cannot start the function.
Explanation: The word “unless” means “except if.” To rewrite this using “if,” we negate the condition (“all the guests are not present”) to preserve the same meaning. For example, “We cannot go outside unless it stops raining” can also be expressed as “If it does not stop raining, we cannot go outside.”
2. (I) No one would deny that he worked very hard.
(II) Everyone ___________________
Answer: Everyone agrees that he worked very hard.
Explanation: “No one would deny” is a double negative, and converting it into a positive form makes it easier to understand. This is equivalent to “Everyone agrees.” For example, “No one would disagree with her ideas” means “Everyone agrees with her ideas.”
3. (I) Anandita is the best singer in our school.
(II) No other ___________________
Answer: No other singer in our school is as good as Anandita.
Explanation: A superlative like “the best” can be rephrased using a comparative structure. Here, “No other singer is as good as Anandita” compares her with all others to emphasize her unique skill. For example, “John is the fastest runner in the class” can be rewritten as “No other runner in the class is as fast as John.”
4. (I) No sooner my father had come than I started opening my books.
(II) Hardly ___________________
Answer: Hardly had my father come when I started opening my books.
Explanation: “No sooner…than” and “Hardly…when” are both used to describe events that happen immediately one after the other. They are interchangeable, with “Hardly” requiring the auxiliary verb (“had”) at the beginning. For example, “No sooner had the rain stopped than the sun came out” is similar to “Hardly had the rain stopped when the sun came out.”
5. (I) My mother makes good coffee, does not she?
(II) Good coffee ___________________
Answer: Good coffee is made by my mother.
Explanation: This rephrases the active voice (“My mother makes good coffee”) into the passive voice (“Good coffee is made by my mother”). Passive voice emphasizes the object (good coffee) rather than the subject (my mother). For example, “She baked a cake” in the passive becomes “A cake was baked by her.”
(ii) Fill in each blank with a suitable word.
(a) Being affectionate __________ her tenderest years, Mrs. Smith developed a lovable nature.
Answer: during
Explanation: The word “during” is used to indicate that something happened within a particular period of time. Here, it refers to Mrs. Smith’s tenderest years.
(b) Beena is affectionate __________ everybody.
Answer: towards
Explanation: The word “towards” is used to show the direction or recipient of affection. For example, “She is kind towards animals.”
(c) Grandmother has fainted. Kindly call __________ a doctor at once.
Answer: for
Explanation: The phrase “call for” means to request someone’s presence or help. In this context, it means to summon a doctor.
(d) I called __________ my grandfather today to enquire about grandmother’s health.
Answer: on
Explanation: The phrase “call on” means to visit someone, often to check on their well-being or for a specific purpose.
(e) Carry __________ doing good, you will be happy.
Answer: on
Explanation: The phrase “carry on” means to continue an action. Here, it encourages continuing to do good deeds.
(f) The soldiers carried __________ the colonel’s orders.
Answer: out
Explanation: The phrase “carried out” means to execute or perform a task or order. For example, “The workers carried out the manager’s instructions.”
(g) Dirt brings __________ disease.
Answer: on
Explanation: The phrase “brings on” means to cause something, often something undesirable like illness.
(h) The publisher will bring __________ the book in October.
Answer: out
Explanation: The phrase “bring out” means to publish or release something. For instance, “The company will bring out a new product soon.”
(i) The price of tomatoes has come __________ recently.
Answer: down
Explanation: The phrase “come down” means to decrease. Here, it refers to a reduction in the price of tomatoes.
(j) When is the wedding of your brother coming __________?
Answer: up
Explanation: The phrase “coming up” is used to refer to an event that is approaching in time. For example, “The holiday season is coming up soon.”
(iii) Fill in the blanks in the passage given below with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets. Do not write the passage but write the verbs in the correct order.
A traveller ___(1) (ride) his horse, was searching for water since his horse ___(2) (be) tired and thirsty. Upon seeing the traveller from a distance, a young boy brought a bucket of water and offered it to the traveller.
The traveller took out some silver coins from his pocket and gave it to the boy. The boy said, “Gentleman! I am not ___(3) (do) this for money. I am a poor lame boy. My mother works in a field and ___(4) (earn) our livelihood. My mother ___(5) (tell) me that if God has ___(6) (make) me lame, it must be for a good purpose. She ___(7) (ask) me to provide water to thirsty men and animals. Since then, I have started ___(8) (draw) water from the well and giving it to thirsty men and animals. I ___(9) (regard) it as my duty.”
Having seen the good deed of the boy, the traveller was pleased. ___(10) (Thank) the boy, he went on his way.
Answer:
- was riding
- was
- doing
- earns
- told
- made
- asked
- drawing
- regard
- thanking
Question 4
Read the passage given below and answer the questions (i), (ii) and (iii) that follow:
(1) The Government’s decision to observe October 31, the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, as the National Unity Day was hailed by all patriotic citizens. This has enabled the country to mount a nationwide campaign to acquaint the citizens of the extraordinary achievements of this great son of India. This is the first major step taken by a Union Government over the last six decades to accord Sardar Patel, his rightful place in the pantheon of national leaders, who was instrumental in securing the accession of 554 Princely States into the Indian Union and for the unification of the country.
(2) Apart from being a leading light in the freedom movement, Sardar Patel played a critical role during the most sensitive, nascent phase in independent India’s history. As the country’s first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister, he had to grapple with the bloody riots and the influx of millions of refugees in the horrendous aftermath of the partition; play a key role in the drafting of the country’s Constitution; and, more importantly, unite a nation, which stood splintered into 554 parts. The last named task – the unification of India was an extraordinary achievement which only a man with foresight, determination and true grit could have achieved. But for Sardar Patel’s iron will and foresight, the political map of India which we are all so used to, would never have existed. Instead, India would have been a truncated nation with many secessionist time bombs ticking away in different regions.
(3) In brief, here is what the Sardar did: Following the departure of the British, all Princely States had the option to either accede to India or Pakistan or remain independent. In other words, a united India would emerge only if all the States below the Pakistan border acceded to India. If any one chose to align with Pakistan or remain independent, a united India would be an impossibility. Also, if States deep within the Indian heartland decided to accede to Pakistan, India’s unity and integrity would be in peril, and in future, these States would have posed a major threat to national security. Finally, India’s map would have looked jagged with several mini-states blotting the landscape. The unification of India was therefore paramount and Lord Louis Mountbatten, the Governor-General, concluded that there was just one man, Sardar Patel who had the courage, tenacity and ingenuity to undertake this responsibility. Sardar Patel was entrusted the task and in a brief time he achieved the country’s unification by coaxing, cajoling and, at times, bamboozling, some reluctant princes; he got all of them to sign on the dotted line. This included the State of Hyderabad which was ruled by the Nizam.
(i) (a) Given below are three words and phrases. Find the words which have a similar meaning in the passage:
(1) Organise: Mount (line 2)
(2) A special group: Pantheon (line 5)
(3) Developing stage: Nascent (line 9)
(b) For each of the words given below, choose the correct sentence that uses the same word unchanged in spelling, but with a different meaning from that which it carries in the passage:
(1) Last (line 5):
(A) The final exam will last for a maximum of three hours.
(B) The last sunset of the year painted the sky in breathtaking hues.
(C) Last night’s storm left a trail of fallen branches and leaves.
(D) The final chapter revealed the last motive of the protagonist.
Answer: (A) The final exam will last for a maximum of three hours.
(2) Light (line 9):
(A) The soft glow of the candle provided a warm and comforting light.
(B) In the distance, the lighthouse emitted a powerful beam of light.
(C) The sun cast a magical trail of light in the sky.
(D) The cap was so light that it floated gently in the breeze.
Answer: (D) The cap was so light that it floated gently in the breeze.
(3) Sign (line 34):
(A) She was forced to sign the contract despite her apprehensions.
(B) A mysterious sign pointed towards an ancient and hidden path.
(C) Zain proudly added his unique sign to the masterpiece like an artist.
(D) The author was requested to sign each copy of his/her book for the readers.
Answer: (A) She was forced to sign the contract despite her apprehensions
(ii) Answer the following questions in your own words as briefly as possible:
(a) Why was it decided to celebrate the birth anniversary of Sardar Patel as the National Unity Day?
Answer: It was decided to celebrate the birth anniversary of Sardar Patel as the National Unity Day to recognize his extraordinary contributions to the unification of India and to familiarize citizens with his achievements in bringing 554 Princely States into the Indian Union.
(b) Why was Sardar Patel assigned the task of unification of India?
Answer: Sardar Patel was assigned the task of unifying India because he had the courage, tenacity, and ingenuity to persuade or coerce the reluctant rulers of Princely States to accede to India. His foresight and determination made him uniquely suited for this critical responsibility.
(c) What options were given to the Princely States when the British left India? What danger was there for India if the Princely States were individually given independence?
Answer: When the British left India, the Princely States were given the options to accede to India, accede to Pakistan, or remain independent. If the States were given independence individually, India’s unity and integrity would have been jeopardized, creating security threats and a fragmented political map with several mini-states.
Ron’e Dutta is a journalist, teacher, aspiring novelist, and blogger who manages Online Free Notes. An avid reader of Victorian literature, his favourite book is Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. He dreams of travelling the world. You can connect with him on social media. He does personal writing on ronism.
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