Get textual answers, explanations, solutions, notes, extras, MCQs, PDF of Chapter 6: ISE Class 12 English Language/Grammar (Total English) solved which comprises Transformation of Sentences – II, Argumentative Composition, Prepositions, Specimen Paper-6. However, the educational materials should only be used for reference, and students are encouraged to make necessary changes.
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Transformation of Sentences – II
ASSIGNMENT 1
Rewrite the following sentences removing the Adverb ‘too’:
1. Her marks are too good to be believed.
Answer: Her marks are so good that they cannot be believed.
2. The oranges are too cheap to be fresh.
Answer: The oranges are so cheap that they cannot be fresh.
3. She was too poor to pay her fees.
Answer: She was so poor that she could not pay her fees.
4. I was too late to catch the train.
Answer: I was so late that I could not catch the train.
5. The milk was too hot to drink.
Answer: The milk was so hot that it could not be drunk.
6. This pill is too big for the child to swallow.
Answer: This pill is so big that the child cannot swallow it.
10. She is too intelligent to be fooled by someone.
Answer: She is so intelligent that she cannot be fooled by someone.
ASSIGNMENT 2
Rewrite the following sentences using ‘too’:
1. He is so short that he cannot reach the top shelf.
Answer: He is too short to reach the top shelf.
2. He was so tired that he could not keep awake.
Answer: He was too tired to keep awake.
3. It is so hot that we cannot go out.
Answer: It is too hot to go out.
4. This dress is so dirty that I cannot wear it.
Answer: This dress is too dirty to wear.
5. This bench is so heavy that we could not move it.
Answer: This bench is too heavy to move.
6. She is so truthful that she cannot tell a lie.
Answer: She is too truthful to tell a lie.
7. His handwriting is so bad that I cannot read it.
Answer: His handwriting is too bad to read.
8. I am so weak that I cannot run fast.
Answer: I am too weak to run fast.
9. It was so dark that I could not see anything.
Answer: It was too dark to see anything.
10. The rice is so hot that I cannot eat it.
Answer: The rice is too hot to eat.
ASSIGNMENT 3
Rewrite the following sentences by changing the degrees of comparison without altering the meaning of the sentences.
1. Mangoes are sweeter than apples.
Answer: Apples are not as sweet as mangoes.
2. Mr Sen is one of the oldest teachers of our school.
Answer: Very few teachers in our school are as old as Mr Sen.
3. This temple is the biggest in India.
Answer: No other temple in India is as big as this one.
4. Very few cities in India are as beautiful as Chandigarh.
Answer: Chandigarh is one of the most beautiful cities in India.
5. It is better to starve than to beg.
Answer: Starving is preferable to begging.
6. Iron is the most useful of all metals.
Answer: No other metal is as useful as iron.
10. She is not the best girl in her class.
Answer: There are other girls in her class who are as good as she is.
ASSIGNMENT 4
Rewrite the following sentences in the passive form. (Omit the agent where possible.)
1. We shall help them with money.
Answer: They will be helped with money.
Explanation: The sentence talks about helping in the future. When we turn it around (passive voice), we make “they” the main part of the sentence, and the action becomes “will be helped.”
2. They were expecting good news.
Answer: Good news was being expected.
Explanation: This sentence is about something happening in the past (expecting). When we flip it, “good news” becomes the main thing, and the action stays in the past as “was being expected.”
3. The supervisor takes care of the school building.
Answer: The school building is taken care of.
Explanation: Here, “takes care of” is something that happens now. When we make it passive, the school building becomes the main thing, and the action turns into “is taken care of.”
4. Will your father pay your hostel fees?
Answer: Will your hostel fees be paid?
Explanation: This is a question about the future. When we switch it, “hostel fees” becomes the focus, and the action changes to “be paid.”
5. Show us the report card.
Answer: Let the report card be shown to us.
Explanation: This is like giving a command. When we flip it, we add “Let” and make the action “be shown,” focusing on the report card.
6. You must have paid the library fees.
Answer: The library fees must have been paid.
Explanation: This sentence is about something that probably already happened. When we switch it, “library fees” becomes the focus, and the action changes to “must have been paid.”
10. Who has taught you physics?
Answer: By whom have you been taught physics?
Explanation: This is a question about something that already happened. When we flip it, “you” becomes the focus, and we start with “By whom.”
ASSIGNMENT 5
In each of the following items, sentence A is complete, but sentence B is not. Complete sentence B, making it as similar in meaning to sentence A. Write down sentence B complete in each case
1. (A) My wallet has been stolen.
(B) Someone……………………….
Answer: Someone has stolen my wallet.
2. (A) Promises should be kept.
(B) One……………………….
Answer: One should keep promises.
3. (A) Many people were killed by the earthquake.
(B) The earthquake……………………….
Answer: The earthquake killed many people.
4. (A) The holiday will be announced by the Principal.
(B) The Principal……………………….
Answer: The Principal will announce the holiday.
5. (A) The old lady is taken for a saint.
(B) People……………………….
Answer: People take the old lady for a saint.
6. (A) The teacher was delighted by our performance.
(B) Our performance……………………….
Answer: Our performance delighted the teacher.
7. (A) The road is being constructed.
(B) They……………………….
Answer: They are constructing the road.
8. (A) All the questions should be attempted.
(B) You……………………….
Answer: You should attempt all the questions.
9. (A) The culprits have been caught.
(B) The police……………………….
Answer: The police have caught the culprits.
10. (A) The job must be completed without delay.
(B) You……………………….
Answer: You must complete the job without delay.
Argumentative Composition
ASSIGNMENT
Write an argumentative composition on the following topics:
1. Cellphones: A boon or a bane?
Cellphones: A Boon or a Bane?
Cellphones have become an inseparable part of our lives. In cities like Mumbai, Bengaluru, and Chennai, almost everyone, from students to senior citizens, carries one. These devices have revolutionised communication, making it easier to connect with anyone, anywhere. However, they also bring challenges that cannot be ignored.
On the positive side, cellphones have made life convenient. Students can look up information, workers can handle tasks on the go, and families can stay in touch no matter the distance. Applications like Paytm and UPI services have simplified financial transactions. In emergencies, a cellphone can save lives by allowing people to call for help immediately. The widespread use of messaging apps has reduced the dependence on traditional, time-consuming methods of communication.
Despite these advantages, cellphones come with drawbacks. Addiction to social media and games often distracts students from their studies. Many people spend hours scrolling on apps, neglecting real-world interactions. Health problems such as eye strain and sleep disturbances are becoming common. Excessive use also leads to cyberbullying and privacy breaches. Additionally, in rural areas like Kanchipuram or Raigad, the lack of proper network coverage can make these devices frustrating rather than useful.
Cellphones are tools. When used wisely, they can enhance life. Misuse, however, turns them into sources of distraction and harm. It is up to each individual to decide whether these devices remain a boon or become a bane. Responsible use, such as limiting screen time and focusing on real connections, can ensure cellphones remain helpful rather than harmful.
3. Rules destroy genius and art.
Rules Destroy Genius and Art
Rules are often seen as a way to maintain order and fairness. In schools in cities like Chennai or Kolkata, students are taught to follow guidelines for everything, from writing essays to painting. However, when it comes to art and genius, rules can sometimes limit creativity and self-expression.
Genius and art thrive on freedom. Many great minds, like Rabindranath Tagore or M.F. Husain, broke away from traditional methods to create something unique. If they had strictly followed conventional rules, their work might not have stood out. Rules often box creativity into a specific style or formula, which stifles originality. For instance, if a poet in Bengaluru sticks only to formal metre and rhyme, their expression might feel forced rather than heartfelt.
On the other hand, some argue that rules provide structure. For beginners, rules can act as stepping stones, helping them understand the basics. But once someone has mastered the fundamentals, strict adherence to rules can become a cage. Genius often lies in breaking those barriers to show a fresh perspective.
Art and genius cannot flourish under rigid boundaries. While rules may have their place, true creativity comes from daring to go beyond them. Encouraging freedom and innovation ensures that ideas and expressions remain as vibrant and meaningful as life itself.
Specimen Paper-6
Question 1
Write a composition (in approximately 400-450 words) on any one of the following subjects. (You are reminded that you will be rewarded for orderly and coherent presentation of matter, use of appropriate style and general accuracy of spelling, punctuation and grammar.)
(i) Your brother has just passed out of the National Defence Academy. You along with your parents had gone for his Passing Out Parade. Your brother and his coursemates regale you with anecdotes of their life in the Academy. Describe a typical day in the life of a cadet at the National Defence Academy.
A Day in the Life of a Cadet at the National Defence Academy
When my brother, Rohan, graduated from the National Defence Academy (NDA) in Khadakwasla, it was a proud day for our family. We attended his Passing Out Parade on April 15, which was a grand and emotional event. Later, Rohan and his friends shared stories about their time at the Academy. From their tales, I learned how structured and challenging their daily lives were.
A typical day at the NDA begins early, even before the sun rises. At 4:30 am, cadets are woken by the sound of the bugle. The first task of the day is physical training. Dressed in their PT uniforms, they head to the training grounds for running, push-ups, pull-ups, and other exercises. This is followed by drill practice, where they perfect their marching and learn the importance of discipline and teamwork.
Breakfast at the mess is served at 7:30 am, and the cadets eat quickly, often in silence. The food is simple but nutritious, as they need energy for the packed schedule ahead. Academic classes start at 8:30 am and cover a variety of subjects, including military history, strategy, mathematics, and languages. The teachers are strict but supportive, encouraging the cadets to think critically while maintaining a high level of discipline.
By 1:00 pm, the cadets head back to the mess for lunch. The meals provide a short break, but there’s little time to relax. Post-lunch activities include more drills, sports, and technical training. Each cadet participates in sports such as football, hockey, or athletics, as physical fitness is essential. Some cadets also attend sessions on weapon handling or learn survival skills, preparing them for future challenges in the armed forces.
Evenings are quieter, though not free. From 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm, cadets focus on self-study or group discussions. These sessions help them prepare for upcoming tests or assignments. Dinner follows, and by 9:00 pm, they are expected to wind down. Lights out is at 10:00 pm, and the entire campus becomes silent, except for the sounds of the night.
Life at the NDA is rigorous but fulfilling. The cadets forge deep friendships, and their days are filled with discipline, learning, and physical activity. Rohan and his friends often laughed while recounting stories of punishments for pranks or the joy of winning sports tournaments. Their bond was evident, and so was their transformation into confident and responsible young officers.
For me, attending the parade and hearing these stories made me appreciate the sacrifices and hard work of these cadets. It was clear that the NDA not only trains them to defend the country but also shapes them into individuals of character and strength.
(ii) Narrate your most memorable railway journey, giving examples of what you did. What made the journey so memorable?
My Most Memorable Railway Journey
Last December, during the winter holidays, my family and I took a train journey from Mumbai to Delhi on the Rajdhani Express. It was a trip I had been eagerly waiting for because I had never travelled such a long distance by train. The journey turned out to be one of the most memorable experiences of my life.
We boarded the train at Mumbai Central on December 20, just as the evening lights were flickering on in the city. The bustling platform was alive with travellers, vendors, and announcements. As the train pulled out of the station, I felt a wave of excitement. My younger sister, Ananya, and I quickly settled near the window to watch the city fade into the countryside.
The Rajdhani Express was comfortable and clean, with its familiar blue and grey interiors. Shortly after we left, the attendants served us snacks and tea. Ananya and I enjoyed every bit of the food while playing Ludo on a small board we had carried. The rhythmic sound of the train on the tracks added to the fun.
By dinner time, the train was speeding through the darkened landscapes of Gujarat. The food was simple but delicious, and we ate while chatting with our co-passengers, a kind elderly couple travelling to Jaipur. They shared interesting stories about their travels, which made the journey even more delightful. Ananya and I tried to stay awake late into the night, but the gentle swaying of the train soon lulled us to sleep.
The next morning, we woke to a stunning view of mustard fields bathed in golden sunlight as the train entered Rajasthan. Breakfast was served, and we eagerly looked out of the windows to catch glimpses of villages and small towns. Ananya and I made a game of spotting peacocks, which we saw several times along the way.
What made the journey unforgettable was the blend of simple joys and the beauty of India’s landscapes. The vibrant diversity of people, the warm hospitality of our co-passengers, and the thrill of travelling long distances as a family created memories I still cherish. We laughed, played games, shared stories, and even enjoyed moments of quiet reflection while watching the world pass by.
When we arrived in Delhi on the afternoon of December 21, I felt a pang of sadness that the journey had come to an end. That trip taught me how magical train journeys can be, offering not just a mode of transport but also a window into the heart of the country.
(iii) The benefits of nuclear technology far outweigh its disadvantages. Express your views either FOR or AGAINST the given statement.
The Benefits of Nuclear Technology Far Outweigh Its Disadvantages
Nuclear technology has been a game-changer in modern science and human advancement. While some may highlight its potential risks, I firmly believe that its benefits far outweigh its disadvantages.
One of the greatest advantages of nuclear technology is its use in power generation. Nuclear power plants provide a significant amount of energy with minimal greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike coal and natural gas plants, which release harmful carbon dioxide, nuclear energy is cleaner and more environmentally friendly. Countries like France and Canada rely heavily on nuclear energy to meet their power needs efficiently. In a world facing climate change, nuclear technology offers a sustainable solution to the growing demand for electricity.
In addition to energy production, nuclear technology has revolutionised medicine. It is used in diagnostic tools like PET scans and in treating diseases such as cancer through radiotherapy. Millions of lives have been saved or improved because of these advancements. Hospitals and research centres depend on nuclear isotopes for accurate diagnoses and effective treatments, demonstrating its value in healthcare.
Another important benefit is its role in agriculture and industry. Nuclear techniques help improve crop yields, protect food supplies from pests, and extend the shelf life of products. Industries use nuclear technology for quality control and material testing, ensuring safety and efficiency in manufacturing.
However, critics often argue about the dangers of nuclear accidents and waste management. Incidents like Chernobyl and Fukushima were indeed catastrophic, but they are rare and have led to stricter safety measures worldwide. Modern reactors are designed with advanced safeguards to minimise the risk of accidents. As for nuclear waste, ongoing research is focusing on better storage and disposal methods. Countries like Finland are developing deep geological repositories to safely contain radioactive material for thousands of years.
The fear of nuclear weapons is another concern, but this is an issue of misuse rather than the technology itself. International treaties and organisations, like the International Atomic Energy Agency, work to prevent the proliferation of nuclear arms while promoting peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Responsible governance can address these concerns effectively.
While no technology is without risks, the advantages of nuclear technology are undeniable. It has the potential to solve energy crises, improve healthcare, and boost agricultural productivity, among many other benefits. Rather than rejecting it out of fear, we should focus on managing its risks and harnessing its immense potential for the betterment of humanity.
(iv) Peace hath her victories, no less renowned than war. Present your reflections on this statement.
Peace Hath Her Victories, No Less Renowned Than War
The phrase “Peace hath her victories, no less renowned than war” highlights an often-overlooked truth. While wars are marked by conquests and dramatic events, the triumphs of peace are quieter but equally significant. They shape societies, heal divisions, and pave the way for prosperity. Reflecting on this, it becomes clear that peace achieves what war cannot—lasting growth and harmony.
The victories of peace are visible in the progress of humanity. Scientific advancements, cultural achievements, and social reforms flourish in peaceful times. For instance, India’s Green Revolution, led by scientists like M. S. Swaminathan, was a peaceful battle against hunger. This initiative transformed the country into a food-secure nation. Such achievements may lack the dramatic appeal of wartime heroics, but their impact is profound and enduring.
Peace also allows nations to focus on building bridges rather than walls. Diplomatic efforts often prevent conflicts and foster cooperation. The establishment of organisations like the United Nations and treaties that end hostilities are testaments to the power of peaceful negotiation. India’s peaceful struggle for independence, led by Mahatma Gandhi, remains a shining example of how non-violence can achieve what weapons cannot. The success of this movement inspired countless others across the world.
The victories of peace are not confined to nations but extend to individuals and communities. Acts of kindness, reconciliation, and mutual support create bonds that transform lives. In our daily lives, we witness small yet powerful victories of peace—when neighbours resolve disputes amicably, when diverse groups come together for a cause, or when children are educated, breaking cycles of poverty.
While wars are often glorified for their immediate impact, they leave scars that linger for generations. In contrast, the victories of peace heal wounds, foster understanding, and ensure stability. They lay the foundation for a better future, where resources are spent on education, health, and innovation rather than destruction.
However, achieving the victories of peace requires effort and patience. It calls for wisdom, compromise, and a willingness to listen. It is easier to start a war than to maintain peace, but the rewards of peace far outweigh its challenges. As individuals and as a society, we must strive to resolve conflicts through dialogue, showing that peace is not merely the absence of war but the presence of justice and fairness.
Ultimately, peace is not passive; it is an active and dynamic force. Its victories are quieter but no less powerful. They remind us that while war may change borders, peace changes lives, leaving a legacy that inspires and uplifts humanity.
(v) Fashion.
Fashion
Fashion is not just about clothing; it is a reflection of individuality, culture, and the times we live in. It evolves with society, influenced by tradition, art, music, and technology. Fashion allows people to express themselves, their moods, and their beliefs, making it more than just a superficial concept.
In India, fashion has always been a blend of heritage and modernity. Traditional attire like sarees, salwar kameez, and dhotis have evolved with contemporary designs, making them relevant for today’s generation. Designers often draw inspiration from India’s rich history, using techniques like block printing, embroidery, and handloom weaving to create stunning outfits that honour the past while embracing the future.
Globally, fashion trends change rapidly, reflecting the dynamic nature of society. One season, oversized jackets might be in style, and the next, minimalism could dominate. These trends are often influenced by celebrities, films, and social media. The rise of influencers has also made fashion more accessible, allowing people to experiment and adopt trends that suit their preferences.
However, fashion is not just about following trends; it is also about comfort and practicality. What people wear often depends on the occasion, weather, and personal taste. For instance, students might prefer jeans and t-shirts for their casual comfort, while professionals lean towards formal attire like suits or sarees to maintain a polished appearance. Similarly, festive occasions bring out the best in ethnic wear, with colourful and elaborate outfits that celebrate tradition.
Fashion also has a deeper connection to identity. For some, it is a way to stand out, while for others, it is a way to blend in. It can signify belonging to a particular group or culture or mark a rebellion against norms. The youth, in particular, use fashion as a way to explore and express their individuality.
However, the fashion industry has its challenges. Fast fashion, for instance, has raised concerns about environmental damage and poor working conditions. While it offers affordable options, it often promotes a culture of overconsumption. On the other hand, sustainable fashion is gaining popularity, encouraging people to choose eco-friendly and ethically produced clothing. This shift highlights a growing awareness of the impact of our choices on the planet.
Fashion is a powerful form of self-expression, but it is also a responsibility. By making thoughtful choices, people can celebrate their style while respecting the environment and society. Ultimately, fashion is a blend of creativity, functionality, and conscience, showing that it is not just about what we wear but also about how we choose to present ourselves to the world.
(vi) Write an original short story with the following set of constituents: Spaceship, aliens, danger averted.
The Silent Warning
The spaceship Arya, a cutting-edge research vessel from ISRO, cruised through the silent expanse of space. Its mission was clear: to study a distant asteroid belt and return with data that could revolutionise energy research on Earth. The five-member crew, led by Captain Ayesha Rao, had spent weeks navigating the vast emptiness, their days filled with experiments and observations.
One evening, as they approached their target, the ship’s sensors detected an anomaly. A strange, metallic object floated ahead, its surface glowing faintly. Curious yet cautious, Captain Ayesha ordered a closer scan. The object was unlike anything they had encountered—its material didn’t match any known element. As the crew observed, the object emitted a series of light pulses, almost as if it was trying to communicate.
“We need to be careful,” warned Dr. Varun Mehta, the ship’s engineer. “This could be alien technology.”
Captain Ayesha nodded. “Activate the defence shields. Let’s see if it responds further.”
Suddenly, the object shot out a beam of light, enveloping the spaceship. For a moment, everything went dark. When the systems rebooted, the crew found themselves surrounded by massive ships. These were no ordinary vessels—they appeared organic, with surfaces that pulsed like living tissue. The crew realised they were not alone.
From the largest ship, a projection appeared in Arya’s cabin. It was an alien, its form translucent and fluid, with glowing eyes that radiated intelligence. The alien didn’t speak but conveyed its thoughts through images. In the crew’s minds, they saw a warning: a giant explosion near the asteroid belt, an event that could destroy the spaceship and threaten Earth’s safety.
The crew debated. Was this a genuine warning or a trap? Captain Ayesha decided to trust the aliens. She ordered Arya to change its course, moving away from the asteroid belt. Moments later, a blinding flash erupted in the region they had just vacated. The asteroid belt disintegrated into fragments, confirming the alien’s warning.
Before the crew could express their gratitude, the alien ships vanished as mysteriously as they had appeared. The metallic object floated back, this time emitting a soothing hum. Dr. Mehta speculated it was a beacon, guiding them to safety.
When Arya returned to Earth, the crew reported their encounter. Scientists across the globe were intrigued, but scepticism remained. Yet, Captain Ayesha and her team knew the truth: the aliens had not only averted danger but shown that the universe holds allies, even in its vast unknown.
As the crew disembarked, Ayesha looked up at the stars, wondering if they would meet their silent saviours again. Space, she realised, wasn’t just a place of danger but also of unexpected friendship.
Question 2
(i) You are the Head Boy/Head Girl of your school. Write a speech to be delivered at the morning assembly informing the students about the precautions to be taken for protecting themselves from mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, dengue and chikungunya. Base your speech on the points given below:
Alarming rise in the number of people suffering from mosquito-borne diseases–causes of the spread of these diseases–measures to be taken to prevent the spread of these diseases–the symptoms of these diseases–measures to be taken in case of being afflicted with these diseases. (You may also include other relevant details.)
Answer:
Speech on Protecting Ourselves from Mosquito-Borne Diseases
Good morning, respected principal, teachers, and dear friends,
Today, I want to talk about something that affects all of us—our health. There has been a sharp rise in mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, and chikungunya in our city. This is a matter of serious concern, and it is important for us to take precautions to protect ourselves.
The main cause of these diseases is the breeding of mosquitoes in stagnant water. Water collects in open containers, old tyres, flower pots, and even drains during the rainy season. These places become perfect spots for mosquitoes to lay eggs. When an infected mosquito bites a person, the disease spreads.
To prevent these diseases, we must ensure that water does not collect anywhere around our homes or school. Empty and dry out water containers regularly. Use mosquito repellents, especially in the evenings. Wearing full-sleeved clothes can reduce the chances of mosquito bites. Keep doors and windows closed or use fine mesh screens. At night, sleeping under mosquito nets can be helpful.
It’s also important to recognize the symptoms of these diseases early. Malaria often starts with fever, chills, and sweating. Dengue may cause high fever, severe body pain, rashes, and sometimes bleeding. Chikungunya leads to joint pain, fever, and rashes. If anyone experiences these symptoms, they should visit a doctor immediately.
If someone is affected, they need plenty of rest and fluids. Follow the doctor’s advice strictly. Never take medicines like aspirin without consulting a doctor, as they can worsen some symptoms, especially in dengue.
We all have a role to play. Let us work together to keep our surroundings clean and mosquito-free. By being alert and taking small steps, we can protect ourselves and others.
Thank you, and let us stay safe and healthy.
(ii) As the head of the Students’ Wing of the RWA of your colony, you have been assigned the responsibility of organising the Awards Function to felicitate the students of Classes X and XII of your colony who have scored more than 95 per cent marks in the Board Exams. Write a proposal in not more than 150 words, stating the steps you would take to successfully organise this function.
[The proposal should include: (i) An introduction; (ii) Objectives; (iii) List of measures to be taken. A concluding statement is desirable.]
Answer:
Proposal for Organising Awards Function for Academic Excellence
As the head of the Students’ Wing of the RWA, I propose to organise an Awards Function to celebrate and honour the exceptional achievements of students from our colony who scored above 95% in the Class X and XII Board Exams. This event will inspire others and acknowledge the hard work of these bright students.
Objectives:
- To felicitate students for their outstanding academic performance.
- To encourage younger students to aim for similar achievements.
- To promote a culture of academic excellence in the colony.
Measures to be Taken:
- Select a suitable date and venue within the colony, such as the Community Hall, for the function.
- Send invitations to awardees, their families, and other residents.
- Arrange awards, certificates, and a small token of appreciation for the students.
- Decorate the venue and arrange refreshments for the event.
- Invite a guest speaker, preferably an educator, to address and motivate the students.
This event will be a proud moment for our colony and inspire future achievers. We seek everyone’s support to make it successful.
Question 3
Answer sections (i), (ii) and (iii).
(i) In each of the following items, sentence I is complete, while sentence II is not. Complete sentence II, making it as similar as possible to sentence I. Write sentence II in each case.
(a) (I) Candidates may not bring their notes into the examination hall.
(II) Candidates are………..
Answer: Candidates are not allowed to bring their notes into the examination hall.
(b) (I) I will buy the car if it is quite good.
(II) Unless…………
Answer: Unless the car is quite good, I will not buy it.
(c) (I) It is too cold for me to step out without a shawl.
(II) It is so…………
Answer: It is so cold that I cannot step out without a shawl.
(d) (I) Mumbai is the most busy city in India.
(II) No…………
Answer: No other city in India is as busy as Mumbai.
(e) (I) It is such a wonderful opportunity that we must not miss it.
(II) It is too…………
Answer: It is too wonderful an opportunity to miss.
(ii) Fill in each blank with a suitable word. (Do not write the sentence.)
(a) He parted……his friend in high spirits.
Answer: with
Explanation: The word “with” is used here to indicate separation or the act of saying goodbye to someone. In English, when you leave someone, you “part with” them. For example: “She parted with her colleague after the meeting.”
(b) The old man parted…his money and went on a pilgrimage.
Answer: from
Explanation: The word “from” is used to indicate separation or giving up something, especially when it is difficult or valuable. Here, the old man gave up his money. For example: “He parted from his savings to buy the car.”
(c) The success of the play rests largely…a very simple idea.
Answer: on
Explanation: The preposition “on” is used to indicate reliance or dependence on something. Here, the play’s success depends on a simple idea. For example: “His argument rested on solid evidence.”
(d) It rests … the management of the textile unit to justify their actions.
Answer: with
Explanation: The word “with” is used here to show responsibility or duty belonging to someone. In this case, it is the management’s responsibility. For example: “The decision rests with the board members.”
(e) Can you look… this book and give me your opinion on it?
Answer: through
Explanation: The preposition “through” is used here to mean examining something carefully. In this sentence, it implies reading or checking the book thoroughly. For example: “She looked through the documents to find errors.”
(f) Since his promotion, John has been proud and look……………..upon his classmates.
Answer: down
Explanation: The phrase “look down upon” means to regard someone as inferior or less important. In this context, John feels superior to his classmates. For example: “He looked down upon those who disagreed with him.”
(g) Meera agreed….me on all that I had said.
Answer: with
Explanation: The preposition “with” is used when you share the same opinion as someone else. Here, Meera shares the speaker’s views. For example: “She agreed with him about the plan.”
(h) The three sisters could not agree…themselves.
Answer: among
Explanation: The preposition “among” is used when talking about more than two people or things. In this case, the three sisters had differing opinions. For example: “The group could not agree among themselves about the vacation spot.”
(i) She turned ….. the offer to work in the factory.
Answer: down
Explanation: The phrase “turn down” means to refuse or reject something. Here, the speaker rejected the factory job offer. For example: “He turned down the invitation to the party.”
(j) To everyone’s surprise he turned….at the party.
Answer: up
Explanation: The phrase “turn up” means to appear or arrive unexpectedly. In this context, he showed up at the party, surprising everyone. For example: “She turned up late for the meeting.”
(iii) Fill in the blanks in the passage given below with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets. Do not write the passage, but write the verbs in the correct order.
In opening lines of the sonnet, Shakespeare ___(1) (declare) that love is not really love if it ___(2) (sway) in response to obstacles. He ___(3) (argue) that love ___(4) (weather) all storms. It is like the star that sailors use ___(5) (navigate). It acts as an ___(6) (unmove) reference point which they use ___(7) (find) direction and their route across the globe. Love, then, ___(8) (be) something that ___(9) (persevere) through “impediments,” without ___(10) (lose) any of its commitments.
Answer:
- declares
- sways
- argues
- weathers
- navigate
- unmoving
- find
- is
- perseveres
- losing
Question 4
Read the passage given below and answer the questions (i), (ii) and (iii) that follow:
(1) Ronny Skinner had managed to get the job of his dreams. One fine morning he blossomed out into a beautiful blue uniform with white piping and large black buttons, he was a driver on a London General motor-bus. Skinner proved to be a good driver and soon received quite a promotion, as the driver of a special express bus-service. The new conductor Eyles became his good pal, and life seemed all rosy.
(2) But even before he could fully bask in his newly found glory, Skinner received a week’s notice for termination of his services, without any apparent reason. The story got round that the position was to be filled in by someone with better recommendations. Skinner heard it, grinned and said: “Oh, well, I’ll have to look out for something else. That’s all! No problem! But I will at least try to make a difference and make my presence felt before I bid farewell.” (3) The next morning, at five minutes to nine, as clang went the bell, off went the bus. Everything was as usual, but sitting up in his box, swerving through traffic skilfully, Skinner had other plans
(4) The bus went along at its usual pace past the first stop. A little farther on, it took a turn right down-hill. A stock-broker exclaimed, “Some obstruction down the road it seems.” Several others looked equally provoked but no one was unduly alarmed. At the end of a few minutes, however, a curious sense of misgiving crept over the company. Exclamations were now flying around.
(5) The bus was out of its course and was being driven recklessly into the country. All the passengers could do was to ring the bell furiously, bang on the box window and yell. Some passengers yelled out to passers-by only to be mistaken for an excursion party cheering. Eventually they gave up hope of any immediate release and waited for the mad journey to end. Coming round a bend, the vehicle slowed down, turned, swerved to the left and ran nose on into a sandy patch by the road. The passengers scrambled off the bus like madmen only to be held at gun-point by Skinner and Eyles, and made to stand in straight lines. Skinner now standing on the top of the bus, spoke in a loud ringing voice, “Ladies and gentlemen, we have not brought you here to kill or rob you. We have brought you away from the grinding and grubbing of the city to see Nature, to soften your hearts. When you travel, think of the people who drive you, when you labour and profit and play, think of the people who minister to your necessities. Go and wander, and look into your hearts.”
(6) Skinner and Eyles then quietly got away. The panic that ensued is indescribable. The whole company fled helter-skelter. Soon the area was dotted with human figures ducking, doubling, tumbling and yelling. No one turned to look back at the General. Later, the passengers though filed a half-hearted case against the company, most were only too anxious to escape the ridicule which the case brought upon them.
(i) (a) Given below are three words and phrases. Find the words which have a similar meaning in the passage:
- Full of good possibilities – Rosy
- End – Termination
- The speed at which something happens – Pace
(b) For each of the words given below, choose the correct sentence that uses the same word unchanged in spelling, but with a different meaning from that which it carries in the passage:
(1) Scrambled (line 26)
(A) The chef skilfully scrambled the eggs, creating a perfect breakfast dish.
(B) In a hurry, he scrambled to gather his scattered documents.
(C) She scrambled all of her individual keys in a single keychain.
(D) Amit scrambled the ball into the net and scored a point.
Answer: (B) In a hurry, he scrambled to gather his scattered documents.
(2) Grinding (line 29)
(A) Despite the grinding workload, he persisted with unwavering determination.
(B) The relentless study routine kept him grinding through late nights.
(C) There are huge imported grinding machines in our new factory.
(D) The meeting came to a grinding halt when the two sides could not agree.
Answer: (C) There are huge imported grinding machines in our new factory.
(3) Minister (line 32)
(A) The device is designed to minister precise amounts of medication to patients.
(B) The minister was not hurt in the recent train accident.
(C) The teacher’s role is to minister guidance to the students.
(D) A good irrigation system will minister water evenly across the field.
Answer: (B) The minister was not hurt in the recent train accident.
(ii) Answer the following questions in your own words as briefly as possible:
(a) Describe Ronny Skinner’s ‘newly found glory’.
Answer: Ronny Skinner’s ‘newly found glory’ was being promoted to the driver of a special express bus-service. He received a beautiful uniform, gained recognition, and made a good friend, Eyles, his conductor.
(b) Why was it decided to terminate Skinner’s services? Why did Skinner think about the termination?
Answer: Skinner’s services were terminated to appoint someone with better recommendations. Skinner accepted the termination calmly but decided to leave an impression before leaving.
(c) Why was the case filed by the passengers said to be half-hearted?
Answer: The passengers filed the case reluctantly because they were embarrassed about the ridicule they faced due to their unusual experience on the bus and wanted to avoid further public attention.
(iii) Summarise what happened from the time when the bus went off its course till Skinner and Eyles released the passengers, as mentioned in paragraphs 3 to 6. You are required to write the summary in the form of a connected passage in about 100 words. Failure to keep within the word limit will be penalised.
Answer: The bus driven by Skinner unexpectedly went off course, alarming passengers as it swerved recklessly into the countryside. Despite their desperate attempts to stop the bus, it eventually halted in a sandy patch. Skinner and Eyles forced the passengers to line up at gunpoint but assured them they intended no harm. Skinner delivered a speech urging them to appreciate nature and the people who serve them. After this, Skinner and Eyles fled. Panic ensued, with passengers scattering in chaos. Although some filed a case against the company, most were too embarrassed by the experience to pursue it earnestly.
Ron’e Dutta is a journalist, teacher, aspiring novelist, and blogger who manages Online Free Notes. An avid reader of Victorian literature, his favourite book is Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. He dreams of travelling the world. You can connect with him on social media. He does personal writing on ronism.
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