Get textual answers, explanations, solutions, notes, extras, MCQs, PDF of Chapter 9: ISE Class 12 English Language/Grammar (Total English) solved which comprises Tenses and Their Use – IV, Telling a Story, Prepositions, and Specimen Paper-9. However, the educational materials should only be used for reference, and students are encouraged to make necessary changes.
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Tenses and Their Use – IV
ASSIGNMENT 1
Fill in the blanks using the Present Perfect Tense of the verbs given in brackets:
1. He………..(go) to Ranchi but he will be back soon.
Answer: He has gone to Ranchi but he will be back soon.
Explanation: The Present Perfect Tense is used here because the action of going to Ranchi has relevance to the present moment (he is currently in Ranchi). The structure is has/have + past participle. In this case, “has” is used for the singular subject “he,” and the past participle of “go” is “gone.” Example: She has gone to school.
2. Mr Arora…… just. ……… (hear) some bad news. His sister ………(meet) with an accident.
Answer: Mr Arora has just heard some bad news. His sister has met with an accident.
Explanation: The Present Perfect Tense is used to indicate actions that have happened recently and still affect the present moment.
- “Has just heard” shows that Mr Arora recently received the news.
- “Has met” indicates the sister’s accident has already occurred, but its impact is still relevant.
Structure: has/have + past participle. The adverb “just” often accompanies the Present Perfect for recent actions. Example: I have just eaten lunch.
3. His company………….(produce) software to prevent data theft.
Answer: His company has produced software to prevent data theft.
Explanation: The Present Perfect is used here to show an action completed in the past with relevance to the present. The company has created software, and it is now available.
Structure: has/have + past participle. Since “company” is singular, “has” is used. Example: They have produced excellent results this year.
4. He……………..(write) his last great work in London.
Answer: He has written his last great work in London.
Explanation: The Present Perfect tense highlights the completion of an important event in his life. The action’s effect (his great work exists) is still significant now. Example: She has written several novels.
5. I feel that I ……..(reach) a turning point in my career.
Answer: I feel that I have reached a turning point in my career.
Explanation: The Present Perfect Tense indicates an action completed in the past that continues to have significance in the present. “Have reached” shows that the speaker’s career is currently at this turning point. Example: They have reached an agreement.
6. I am glad that we went to the fete. I …………not ………….(enjoy) myself so much for a long time.
Answer: I am glad that we went to the fete. I have not enjoyed myself so much for a long time.
Explanation: The Present Perfect Tense is used to connect a past experience with its continued relevance in the present. “Have not enjoyed” indicates the enjoyment is the best in a long while. Example: I have not seen such a good movie in ages.
7. I …………..(complete) the work just now.
Answer: I have completed the work just now.
Explanation: “Have completed” reflects the recent completion of the work, which has immediate relevance. The adverb “just” often accompanies the Present Perfect for recent actions. Example: She has completed her homework just now.
8. A lot of people. ……….(ask) about your new book.
Answer: A lot of people have asked about your new book.
Explanation: “Have asked” indicates an action that has happened repeatedly or recently and remains relevant. The Present Perfect is used to describe multiple inquiries over an undefined time period. Example: Many customers have asked for a discount.
9. We………just……… (come) back from a holiday in Bhutan. We spent most of the time in Thimpu.
Answer: We have just come back from a holiday in Bhutan. We spent most of the time in Thimpu.
Explanation: “Have just come” indicates the action was very recent, with relevance to the present. “Just” is commonly used with the Present Perfect. Example: I have just come from the market.
10. I………..(write) the letter, but I can’t find an envelope to post it.
Answer: I have written the letter, but I can’t find an envelope to post it.
Explanation: “Have written” shows the letter has already been written, an action completed but still relevant. The Present Perfect is often used in such contexts where the result affects the current situation. Example: He has written the report.
ASSIGNMENT 2
Put the verbs in the brackets into the Present Perfect Continuous tense.
1. Since when………you………..(fly) kites?
Answer: Since when have you been flying kites?
Explanation: The Present Perfect Continuous tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and is still ongoing. In this case, “fly” becomes “have been flying” because we are talking about the continuous action of flying kites starting in the past and continuing until now. Example: He has been flying kites since childhood. Here, “has been flying” shows the ongoing activity.
2. They………(think) of moving to a bigger house
Answer: They have been thinking of moving to a bigger house.
Explanation: The Present Perfect Continuous is used because the action of thinking started in the past and is still ongoing. “Think” becomes “have been thinking” to indicate this continuation. Example: She has been thinking about her exams all day. Here, “has been thinking” shows an action that is still happening.
3. I am pleased to say that our team …………..(play) well in this tournament.
Answer: I am pleased to say that our team has been playing well in this tournament.
Explanation: The Present Perfect Continuous tense indicates that the team started playing well in the past and continues to do so. “Play” changes to “has been playing” to reflect this. Example: Our team has been playing brilliantly since the start of the match. Here, “has been playing” shows continuous good performance.
4. I feel irritable because I ………….not …………..(eat) enough lately.
Answer: I feel irritable because I have not been eating enough lately.
Explanation: The Present Perfect Continuous is used here to describe a negative ongoing action, one that has been happening over a period of time. “Not eat” becomes “have not been eating.” Example: She has not been eating much these days. Here, “has not been eating” indicates a lack of eating over time.
5. For years she …………… (claim) that she is from some royal family.
Answer: For years she has been claiming that she is from some royal family.
Explanation: This tense is used to show a repeated or ongoing action over time. “Claim” changes to “has been claiming” to indicate she started this claim in the past and continues. Example: He has been claiming to be an expert for years. “Has been claiming” expresses the same repeated action.
6. He …………..(play) the piano since morning.
Answer: He has been playing the piano since morning.
Explanation: The Present Perfect Continuous is used to show an activity started in the past and continues. “Play” changes to “has been playing.” Example: She has been playing the violin for hours. Here, “has been playing” shows a continuous action.
7. The sparrows …………..(build) a nest in the porch since last week.
Answer: The sparrows have been building a nest in the porch since last week.
Explanation: The Present Perfect Continuous indicates an action that started in the past and is still in progress. “Build” becomes “have been building.” Example: The birds have been building a nest since last month. “Have been building” shows the ongoing construction.
8. Someone …………….(use) my computer, my password has been changed.
Answer: Someone has been using my computer, my password has been changed.
Explanation: The Present Perfect Continuous shows that someone started using the computer in the past and the action might still be ongoing. “Use” changes to “has been using.” Example: Someone has been using the printer. This implies continuous usage over time.
9. He …………………(stand) at the bus stop for the last half hour.
Answer: He has been standing at the bus stop for the last half hour.
Explanation: The Present Perfect Continuous indicates a continuous action that started in the past and is ongoing. “Stand” becomes “has been standing.” Example: She has been standing in the queue for hours. “Has been standing” highlights the ongoing nature of standing.
10. Perhaps he……………(tell) the truth after all!
Answer: Perhaps he has been telling the truth after all!
Explanation: The Present Perfect Continuous is used to suggest he has been continuously or repeatedly telling the truth. “Tell” changes to “has been telling.” Example: He has been telling the same story for years. “Has been telling” indicates ongoing or repeated action.
ASSIGNMENT 3
Fill in the blanks using the Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous tense of the verbs in brackets:
1. By the time we arrived they……..(go)
Answer: By the time we arrived, they had gone.
2. We ……..(expect) the news for some time.
Answer: We had been expecting the news for some time.
3. He asked me why I…………(leave) the party so early.
Answer: He asked me why I had left the party so early.
4. I ………….. (save) since Diwali to buy a gold bracelet.
Answer: I had been saving since Diwali to buy a gold bracelet.
5. His mother …………..(suffer) from cancer for some time.
Answer: His mother had been suffering from cancer for some time.
6. She returned to the hotel where she …….(stay) with her husband.
Answer: She returned to the hotel where she had stayed with her husband.
7. I realised that I…………(take) the wrong file.
Answer: I realised that I had taken the wrong file.
8. I wrote that I …………. (see) her at my friend’s place.
Answer: I wrote that I had seen her at my friend’s place.
9. When I entered the shop, I found that he ………..(paint) it all night.
Answer: When I entered the shop, I found that he had been painting it all night.
10. It was reported that the police …………(capture) the culprit.
Answer: It was reported that the police had captured the culprit.
11. I have found the camera, which I ………….(lose).
Answer: I have found the camera, which I had lost.
12. If I ………not………..(go) to Indore, I would not have met him.
Answer: If I had not gone to Indore, I would not have met him.
13. He wished he ………… (listen) to his mother’s advice.
Answer: He wished he had listened to his mother’s advice.
14. Sumit ………….not ………. (type) since long.
Answer: Sumit had not been typing since long.
15. Anu went to the market after the rain had…………(stop).
Answer: Anu went to the market after the rain had stopped.
16. They …………..(live) in Mumbai for a year when their mother died.
Answer: They had been living in Mumbai for a year when their mother died.
17. I …………..(leave) for office before the courier arrived.
Answer: I had left for office before the courier arrived.
18. My sister……………..(playing) piano since morning.
Answer: My sister had been playing piano since morning.
Telling a Story
ASSIGNMENT
1. Write a story of your own invention by continuing the following: “I lost my memory and I did not know where I was …….”
Answer:
The Lost Memory
I lost my memory and I did not know where I was. The place around me seemed strange, with unfamiliar buildings and streets that held no meaning. People hurried past me, barely glancing my way. I looked down at my clothes. They were simple but neat. There was no wallet or phone in my pockets, just a folded piece of paper with a single word: Akshara.
I walked aimlessly, hoping to recognise something. The smell of street food wafted through the air, and my stomach growled. I followed the scent to a small stall. The vendor, an elderly man with a kind smile, asked if I wanted something to eat. I nodded and managed to say, “I don’t have money.”
He handed me a plate of poha anyway. “Eat first,” he said. I ate quickly, thanking him. He asked where I was from. “I don’t know,” I replied honestly. His smile faded, and he told me to visit the police station nearby for help.
I followed his directions and found myself in a small room with peeling paint. A constable listened patiently as I explained my situation. “Akshara,” he repeated, looking at the paper. “Is this your name?”
“I don’t know,” I said.
The constable made a few calls and told me to wait. Hours passed, and I began to lose hope. Just then, a young woman burst into the station, tears streaming down her face. She looked at me and said, “It’s you! We’ve been searching everywhere!”
I stared at her blankly. “Who are you?”
“I’m Akshara,” she said, holding my hands. “You’re Arjun, my brother. You had an accident and went missing two days ago.”
Her words didn’t spark any memory, but her eyes were filled with warmth and truth. She showed me a photo of us together on her phone. I nodded, still uncertain, but a strange sense of relief washed over me.
Akshara took me home that evening. As we walked, she talked about our family, our childhood, and the life we shared. Though the memories didn’t return, her voice felt like home. And for now, that was enough.
2. Write a story to illustrate the truth of any of the following:
(i) Hope is a good breakfast but a bad supper.
Answer:
The Price of Hope
Vikram was a farmer in the small village of Kalpura. Life had always been tough, but this year was worse. The monsoon rains had been scarce, and the crops were failing. His family was worried, but Vikram remained hopeful.
“Don’t worry,” he told his wife, Meera, and their two children. “The weather will change. The crops will grow.”
Every morning, he woke up early and worked in the fields, tending to the parched soil. His neighbours advised him to cut his losses and look for work in the city, but Vikram shook his head. “Rain will come,” he insisted.
Days turned into weeks, and the skies remained clear. Meera grew anxious. “Vikram, we need to think of something else. The children need food, and we’re running out of grain,” she pleaded.
“Tomorrow will be better,” Vikram replied, holding onto his hope.
One evening, as the family sat down to their last meal, the reality of their situation sank in. There was no rain, no crops, and no money left. The children, too young to understand the full extent of their struggle, looked at their parents with questioning eyes.
Vikram realised then that hope alone couldn’t fill their empty stomachs. While it had kept him going in the mornings, giving him strength to face the day, it couldn’t change their circumstances by nightfall. He needed to act.
The next morning, Vikram made a difficult decision. He would leave for the city and find work. It pained him to leave his family, but he knew it was the only way to save them.
Months later, Vikram returned home with enough savings to rebuild their lives. The rains eventually came, and the fields were green again. His hope had been important, but it was his actions that had turned things around.
The experience taught him that hope is a good breakfast—it gives you energy to start the day—but it is a bad supper. At night, when reality sets in, action must take its place.
(ii) Yesterday is gone, tomorrow is not yet born, live for today.
Answer:
Living for Today
Ananya was always busy worrying. If she wasn’t dwelling on the mistakes of the past, she was anxious about the uncertainties of the future. Her days were filled with tension, and she rarely smiled.
One morning, her grandmother, an old but wise woman, called her to sit by her side. “Ananya, why do you look so troubled every day?” she asked gently.
“I can’t stop thinking about what I could have done differently last year,” Ananya said. “And I’m worried about whether I’ll get the promotion I need at work.”
Her grandmother chuckled softly and handed her an empty pot. “Take this to the garden and bring it back filled with water. But there’s one condition: don’t spill a single drop.”
Confused but obedient, Ananya took the pot and walked carefully to the garden. She filled it with water and began the journey back. Along the way, she focused so intently on not spilling the water that she didn’t notice the chirping birds, the blooming flowers, or even the gentle breeze on her face.
When she returned, her grandmother smiled. “You didn’t spill a drop, but did you enjoy the walk?”
Ananya shook her head. “I was too focused on the pot.”
Her grandmother patted her hand. “That’s how you’re living your life. Yesterday is gone, like the path behind you. Tomorrow is not yet born, like the road ahead. But today, this moment, is all you truly have. If you focus only on what you’ve lost or what might come, you’ll miss the beauty of now.”
Ananya sat quietly, letting the words sink in. That evening, she took a walk in the garden again, this time without the pot. She noticed the flowers, the birds, and the breeze. For the first time in a long while, she smiled.
From that day, she tried to live each moment fully, letting go of yesterday’s burdens and tomorrow’s worries. She found peace in the present, where life truly happened.
3. Write a story (real or imaginary) based on one of the following:
(i) An unwelcome visitor at midnight.
Answer:
The Midnight Intruder
It was a chilly December night in Kanpur, and Neha was alone at home. Her parents had gone to attend a wedding in the neighbouring town, and her younger brother was staying over at a friend’s house. She had assured her mother she would be fine. “I’ll lock all the doors and windows,” she had said confidently.
The clock struck midnight as Neha finished a late-night movie. She yawned and turned off the television. Just as she reached to switch off the lights, a faint noise made her freeze. It sounded like a soft knock at the front door.
Her heart raced. Who could it be at this hour? She tiptoed to the door and peeked through the peephole. A man stood outside, his face partially hidden by a scarf. He knocked again, this time louder.
“Who is it?” Neha called out, trying to sound brave.
“I’m sorry, madam,” the man said. “My bike broke down nearby. Can I borrow your phone to call for help?”
Neha hesitated. Something about his voice made her uneasy. “I’m sorry, but I can’t help,” she replied firmly.
“Please,” he insisted. “It’s urgent.”
Her instincts screamed that something was wrong. She backed away from the door and dialled her neighbour, Mr. Sharma, who lived two houses away. “Uncle, there’s a strange man at my door,” she whispered.
“I’ll be there right away,” Mr. Sharma assured her.
Minutes felt like hours as Neha waited, clutching her phone tightly. Suddenly, she heard Mr. Sharma’s voice outside. “Who are you, and what are you doing here?” he demanded.
The man mumbled something and hurried away. By the time Mr. Sharma reached the door, the stranger had disappeared into the night.
Neha opened the door, her face pale but relieved. “Thank you, Uncle,” she said, her voice trembling.
“You did the right thing by not opening the door,” Mr. Sharma said. “Always trust your instincts.”
That night, Neha learned an important lesson about staying cautious and seeking help when in doubt. She stayed awake until morning, grateful for her neighbour’s timely support and her own quick thinking.
(ii) Shortcut to success, cuts short the success.
Answer:
The Quick Fix
Ravi was a bright student in his college, known for his sharp mind but also for his impatience. While most of his friends worked hard for their exams, Ravi was always looking for shortcuts. “Why waste time slogging when you can be smart about it?” he often said.
One day, the college announced a coding competition with a grand prize of ₹50,000. The task was to build an innovative mobile app in two weeks. Ravi was excited but didn’t want to spend hours coding like his peers. Instead, he downloaded a ready-made app template from the internet and made a few minor tweaks to pass it off as his own.
On the day of the presentation, Ravi’s app looked flawless. The judges were impressed and awarded him the prize. His friends congratulated him, but Ravi brushed it off casually, knowing he had barely put in any effort.
A week later, a local tech company approached him with an offer to showcase his app at a national-level competition. Ravi was thrilled and readily agreed. However, when the company’s developers tested the app, they discovered it wasn’t original.
The organisers were furious. Not only was Ravi disqualified, but the college also faced embarrassment. Ravi lost the prize money, his reputation, and the trust of his peers.
Sitting alone in his room, Ravi realised the weight of his mistake. By choosing the shortcut, he had missed the opportunity to truly learn and create something valuable. The temporary success he had gained vanished in an instant.
From that day, Ravi decided to do things the right way, no matter how long they took. He understood that shortcuts might save time, but they often lead to setbacks. True success, he realised, is built on hard work and honesty.
Prepositions
ASSIGNMENT
Fill in the blanks using appropriate Prepositions:
1. She was put ……… when her friends did not support her.
Answer: She was put off when her friends did not support her.
Explanation: Put off means to feel upset or disappointed. When someone doesn’t act as expected, it can make you feel bad or discouraged. For example, “I was put off by the rude behaviour of the waiter.”
2. I’ll put you ………… to the manager’s office.
Answer: I’ll put you through to the manager’s office.
Explanation: Put through means to connect someone, especially on the phone. Here, it’s like helping someone talk to the manager. For example, “Can you put me through to the customer care department?”
3. The thief ran ……….with all the money.
Answer: The thief ran away with all the money.
Explanation: Ran away with means to escape or flee while taking something. For example, “The dog ran away with my shoe.” It shows that someone leaves quickly, taking something with them.
4. His patience is running …………..
Answer: His patience is running out.
Explanation: Running out means something is finishing or ending. Here, it means he is losing patience. For example, “We are running out of milk” means there’s almost no milk left.
5. She set ………..for New York.
Answer: She set out for New York.
Explanation: Set out means to start a journey. For example, “We set out for school early in the morning.” It shows the beginning of traveling to a place.
6. South Korea has set ………a new computer company in India.
Answer: South Korea has set up a new computer company in India.
Explanation: Set up means to start or establish something, like a business. For example, “They set up a new library in the town.”
7. Please take …………..your goggles when you go inside a building.
Answer: Please take off your goggles when you go inside a building.
Explanation: Take off means to remove something you’re wearing. For example, “He took off his hat when he entered the room.”
8. My friend takes. ………………her mother.
Answer: My friend takes after her mother.
Explanation: Take after means to resemble or look like a family member. For example, “Ravi takes after his father in his love for cricket.”
9. Turn …………..the dosa; it is done on that side.
Answer: Turn over the dosa; it is done on that side.
Explanation: Turn over means to flip or move something to the other side. For example, “Turn over the page to continue reading.”
10. Turn …………..the motor, the tank is empty.
Answer: Turn on the motor, the tank is empty.
18. Why can’t you get………with your sister?
Answer: Why can’t you get along with your sister?
Explanation: Get along means to have a good relationship with someone. For example, “The two friends got along well despite their differences.”
19. The mob held………….the bus and roughed up the passengers.
Answer: The mob held up the bus and roughed up the passengers.
Explanation: Held up means to stop or delay something, often by force. For example, “The robbery held up traffic for hours.”
20. I held………the Secretary’s post for five years.
Answer: I held on the Secretary’s post for five years.
Explanation: Held on means to continue occupying a position or role. For example, “He held on to his title despite tough competition.”
Specimen Paper-9
Question 1
Write a composition (in approximately 400-450 words) on any one of the following subjects.
(i) You are on a busy road junction, and you suddenly see people running in all directions. Police vans surround the area. Give a description of the scene and state what had caused the confusion.
A Chaotic Afternoon at the Junction
It was a sunny afternoon in the bustling city of Bengaluru. I stood at the MG Road Junction, waiting for the signal to turn green. The area buzzed with activity—hawkers shouted to sell their goods, vehicles honked impatiently, and pedestrians hurried along. Suddenly, a loud crash echoed from a nearby lane. In an instant, everything changed.
People started running in all directions, shouting and pointing toward the source of the commotion. Startled, I turned to see smoke rising from a parked auto-rickshaw, its windshield shattered. Before anyone could process what had happened, police vans screeched to a halt, and officers jumped out, shouting commands.
The panic in the crowd grew. A few shopkeepers hurriedly pulled down their shutters. Parents clutched their children tightly, dragging them away from the scene. Motorists abandoned their vehicles, adding to the chaos on the already congested road. Some curious onlookers tried to inch closer to the smoking vehicle, despite the warnings of the police.
I heard fragments of conversations as people speculated about the incident. “Could it be a bomb?” a man whispered anxiously to his companion. Others claimed it was just an accident. A young woman next to me tried calling someone but gave up as the mobile network seemed jammed.
Amid the confusion, police officers formed a perimeter around the area, keeping people at a safe distance. One officer spoke through a megaphone, urging everyone to stay calm and cooperate. The fire brigade arrived, and a few firemen quickly doused the smoke. By this time, the commotion had brought the traffic to a standstill for several blocks.
After about half an hour, an officer announced that the situation was under control. It turned out that the smoke had come from a short circuit in the auto-rickshaw’s wiring. The loud crash was caused by a tyre burst, which had startled passersby. Thankfully, no one was hurt, but the misunderstanding had caused unnecessary panic.
As the crowd began to disperse, I stood there reflecting on how quickly fear can spread in such situations. What started as a minor incident had escalated into chaos within minutes. The prompt response by the police and fire brigade, however, was reassuring.
By the time I resumed my walk, the junction was slowly returning to normal. The honking resumed, shop shutters were rolled up, and life moved on as if nothing had happened. But for those of us who witnessed the confusion, it was a reminder of how unpredictable a routine day could be.
(ii) You have just organised a Story Telling Competition in your school. Give a vivid account of your experience.
The Storytelling Competition
Last Monday, our school, Vidya Niketan High School, organised a Storytelling Competition. It was held in the school auditorium, and I was given the responsibility to coordinate the event. It was an exciting yet challenging task, as this was the first time I was taking up such a responsibility.
The preparations started a week before the event. Posters were put up on the notice board, and students were encouraged to participate. There was a great response, and nearly 30 students registered from classes 6 to 10. I, along with a few classmates, was assigned to arrange the seating, manage the time slots, and ensure the smooth flow of the program. The English teacher, Mrs. Sangeeta Iyer, guided us at every step.
On the day of the competition, the auditorium was decorated with colourful banners and paper flowers. The stage looked lively with a big “Storytelling Competition” sign in the centre. At 10 a.m., the event started. Our Principal, Mr. Rajiv Sharma, gave an inspiring speech about the importance of storytelling in preserving culture and traditions. Then, the participants began presenting their stories.
The stories ranged from traditional folktales to personal experiences. One student, Ramesh from Class 8, narrated a heartwarming story about his grandmother’s wisdom during the lockdown. Another participant, Priya from Class 10, told an adventurous tale of a young girl who saved her village from a flood. Her expressions and tone were so captivating that the audience clapped even before she finished.
We judges were seated in the front row. Our Hindi teacher, Mr. Abhishek Tripathi, along with Mrs. Iyer and two alumni, were given the tough job of selecting the winners. I helped keep track of the time for each participant and ensured the next student was ready backstage. Although I was busy, I couldn’t help but enjoy the vivid imagination and creativity of my peers.
The event ended with the announcement of the winners. Priya from Class 10 secured the first prize, while Ramesh and Ananya from Class 7 won the second and third prizes. The Principal handed out certificates and small trophies to the winners. Everyone clapped enthusiastically, and a group photo was taken to capture the joyful moment.
When the event was over, I felt a mix of relief and pride. Many teachers appreciated my efforts, and my friends teased me, saying I had become the “manager” of the school. It was a day filled with laughter, learning, and unforgettable stories. I realized how much teamwork and dedication it takes to make an event successful.
(iii) Capital punishment should be banned throughout the world. Express your views either FOR or AGAINST the given statement.
Capital Punishment Should Be Banned
Capital punishment, or the death penalty, has been a topic of heated debate for years. I strongly believe it should be banned throughout the world. While some argue that it deters crime, I feel that it is an inhumane and flawed system.
Taking a human life, even in the name of justice, is cruel. No one has the right to end someone else’s life. Even if a person has committed a grave crime, they deserve a chance to reform. Mahatma Gandhi once said, “An eye for an eye will make the whole world blind.” Punishing a crime with death does not heal the wounds of the victims’ families. Instead, it creates a cycle of violence.
Moreover, the justice system is not perfect. There have been instances where innocent people were sentenced to death because of faulty evidence or biased investigations. In India, there have been cases where the poor or marginalized were falsely accused because they could not afford good legal support. Once a person is executed, there is no way to undo the mistake. Such irreversible errors make the death penalty a dangerous practice.
Some people argue that capital punishment acts as a deterrent to crime. However, there is no solid proof that it reduces serious crimes like murder or terrorism. Criminals often commit such acts without thinking of the consequences. Strict life imprisonment can be equally effective in punishing wrongdoers while giving them a chance to reflect on their actions.
Another reason to abolish capital punishment is that it goes against the principles of humanity and modern society. Many developed countries like Norway and Germany have banned it, focusing on rehabilitation instead. They believe in giving people an opportunity to change and become better individuals. India, too, is a land of values and forgiveness. Our justice system should reflect these principles.
Life is precious, and everyone deserves a chance to make amends. By abolishing the death penalty, we can promote a culture of understanding and reform, not revenge. Instead of taking lives, governments should work on improving the legal system, reducing crime, and addressing the root causes of violence.
In conclusion, capital punishment is neither just nor necessary. It is time for the world to move towards a more compassionate and fair system of justice. Ending the death penalty will be a step towards a kinder and more humane society.
(iv) The old order changeth, yielding place to new. Express your views on this statement.
The Old Order Changeth
Change is a constant part of life. What once seemed permanent eventually makes way for something new. This has been true for societies, traditions, and ways of life throughout history. The phrase “The old order changeth, yielding place to new” captures this idea. It reflects how the world moves forward, leaving behind old practices, beliefs, and systems to adopt new ones.
In India, the transformation can be seen everywhere. For example, in the field of communication, letters and telegrams have been replaced by emails and instant messaging apps. My grandmother often recalls how people waited weeks for a letter, but today, a message travels in seconds. While the charm of handwritten letters is missed, the speed and ease of digital communication make life more efficient.
Another example is education. Traditional chalkboards have given way to smart boards and online classes. During the pandemic, platforms like Diksha and Byju’s became lifelines for students. Though my father often says that classroom interactions were more personal in his school days, he also agrees that technology has opened new doors for learning.
The same change is visible in careers. Earlier, government jobs were considered the most stable and respectable. Today, young people like my cousin Rajat are opting for unconventional paths like content creation, data analytics, and start-ups. Rajat works with a company in Bengaluru that designs AI solutions, something unimaginable two decades ago. This shift shows how the mindset of society has evolved with opportunities.
Even traditions and celebrations have adapted. Festivals like Diwali were once marked by family gatherings, traditional sweets, and simple decorations. Today, it’s common to see modern lighting, pre-packaged sweets, and social media posts celebrating the day. While some may miss the simplicity of the past, others embrace these changes as a sign of progress.
However, change also brings challenges. In moving forward, there is a risk of losing valuable parts of our heritage. My mother often worries that younger generations may forget the cultural roots of festivals or the importance of traditional practices. Striking a balance between preserving the past and embracing the future is essential.
“The old order changeth, yielding place to new” reminds us to accept change while cherishing what it replaces. Change is not always easy, but it helps us grow. Whether it’s in the way we work, learn, or live, the new always builds upon the old, creating a better path for the future.
(v) Stress.
Stress
Stress is a common part of life. Everyone feels it, whether it’s a student worried about exams, a parent managing responsibilities, or a worker meeting deadlines. Stress can push people to do better, but when it becomes too much, it affects health and happiness.
Students face stress often. Before exams, they worry about studying everything and scoring well. My friend Anita once got so stressed before her board exams that she couldn’t eat or sleep properly. Her parents helped her by encouraging her to take breaks and stay calm. With a proper routine, she performed well. This shows that managing stress is important.
Work is another area where stress happens. My uncle, who works in a bank in Delhi, often comes home tired because of his heavy workload. He once said, “It’s like running a race every day.” To handle this, he has started going for morning walks and spending more time with his family. He says these changes make him feel lighter and more focused.
Even daily life brings stress. For example, traffic jams, noisy neighbours, or unexpected bills can make anyone irritated. My neighbour, Suman Aunty, always stays calm in such situations. She says, “Worrying doesn’t solve problems. It only makes things worse.” Her advice is to think of solutions instead of focusing on problems.
Too much stress can harm health. It can cause headaches, sleeplessness, and even heart problems. People may also feel angry or sad all the time. To avoid this, we need to relax and take care of ourselves. Yoga, meditation, and even small activities like listening to music or reading can help. My father practices yoga every morning and says it keeps his mind clear and body fit.
Stress is not always bad. A little stress can motivate people to work harder and achieve goals. But when it takes over, it becomes harmful. Talking to friends, spending time with loved ones, and focusing on solutions can reduce stress.
Life will always have challenges, but we can learn to handle them without letting stress control us. By staying calm and finding healthy ways to relax, we can live happier and healthier lives.
(vi) Write an original short story with the title: The Unwanted Gift.
The Unwanted Gift
Arjun was a cheerful boy from a small town in Madhya Pradesh. His twelfth birthday was approaching, and he was filled with excitement. His mother, Rekha, was baking a cake, and his father, Ramesh, had promised to bring home something special after work.
When the day arrived, the house was lively. Neighbours and friends gathered, and the aroma of fresh samosas filled the air. After the cake-cutting, everyone presented their gifts to Arjun. There were books, toys, and even a cricket bat. But the biggest box came from his uncle, Mahesh, who lived in Delhi.
Arjun eagerly tore open the wrapping. Inside was a small, caged parrot. The bird had bright green feathers and a sad look in its eyes. Arjun’s excitement faded as he stared at the bird. “Why is it in a cage?” he asked.
His uncle laughed. “It’s a pet, Arjun. You can keep it in your room and teach it to talk.”
Arjun didn’t smile. He felt a knot in his stomach as he looked at the parrot, its wings unable to move freely. He didn’t like the idea of keeping it trapped. “Thank you, Uncle,” he said politely, though his voice lacked enthusiasm.
That night, while everyone slept, Arjun sat by the cage. The parrot made soft, sad sounds. “You don’t belong here,” Arjun whispered. He opened his window and watched the stars. His mind was made up.
Early the next morning, before anyone woke up, Arjun carried the cage to a nearby forest. The parrot watched him curiously as he opened the door of the cage. For a moment, it hesitated, and then it spread its wings and flew out. Arjun felt a strange sense of relief as he watched the bird soar high into the sky.
When he returned home, his uncle noticed the empty cage. “Where’s the parrot?” he asked sharply.
Arjun hesitated but then spoke firmly. “I let it go. It wasn’t happy in the cage, Uncle.”
His uncle frowned, but Rekha placed a hand on Arjun’s shoulder. “You did the right thing,” she said gently.
From that day, Arjun understood that gifts weren’t always about keeping things for oneself. Sometimes, the best gift you could give was freedom. Though the parrot was gone, the lesson it left behind stayed with him forever.
Question 2
(i) A data scientist helps manage and organise the massive data that an organisation collects. You want to apply for admission into a prestigious college for doing an undergraduate course in Data Science. Write a Statement of Purpose (SOP) for the same, using the details given below:
Brief mention of your personality traits–reason for choosing the college–why you should be given admission in the college–role of the institute in achieving your goals and aspirations. (You may also include other relevant details.)
Answer:
Statement of Purpose
My name is Aryan Sharma, and I have been fascinated by the power of technology and data from a young age. This interest grew as I explored mathematics and computer science during my school years. Solving problems and analysing information have always been exciting for me, and these skills align perfectly with the study of Data Science.
The increasing role of data in transforming industries, healthcare, and public services motivates me to pursue a career in this field. I am eager to contribute to developing solutions that can make systems more efficient and accessible. Data Science brings together analytical thinking and technological innovation, making it the ideal path for my academic and professional aspirations.
I have chosen XYZ College in Bengaluru for its exceptional faculty, structured curriculum, and emphasis on practical learning. The college’s advanced infrastructure and focus on hands-on projects offer an ideal environment to gain expertise. Learning from experienced professors and collaborating with talented peers will help me prepare for the challenges of this evolving field.
I am confident that my curiosity, dedication, and willingness to learn will make me a valuable addition to your institution. I am committed to working hard, actively participating in academic and extracurricular activities, and contributing positively to the college community.
This undergraduate program is a crucial step toward my long-term goal of becoming a data scientist who can solve complex problems and contribute to meaningful projects in India and beyond. With guidance from XYZ College, I am confident that I will gain the knowledge and skills needed to excel in this field and make a difference.
I look forward to the opportunity to be part of your prestigious institution.
(ii) As the head of the Student Council of your school, you have been assigned the responsibility of setting up a Nature Club in your school. Write a proposal in about 150 words, stating the steps you would take to successfully establish this club.
Answer:
Proposal for Establishing a Nature Club
As the head of the Student Council at Vidya Mandir School, I propose the formation of a Nature Club to foster environmental awareness and participation among students. The club will aim to instill a sense of responsibility towards nature, promote sustainable habits, and create opportunities for hands-on conservation work.
The objectives of the Nature Club will include educating students about environmental issues, encouraging them to adopt eco-friendly practices, and organizing events to involve the school community in green initiatives.
To make this vision a reality, we will conduct regular meetings, workshops, and nature walks. Activities like tree plantation drives, waste management campaigns, and collaboration with local environmental organizations such as Green Earth India will be prioritized. We will also invite experts for talks and host competitions like poster-making and essay writing on conservation themes.
With these efforts, the Nature Club will inspire students to care for the environment and contribute to a greener future.
Question 3
Answer sections (i), (ii) and (iii).
(i) In each of the following items, sentence I is complete, while sentence II is not. Complete sentence II, making it as similar as possible to sentence I. Write sentence II in each case.
(a) (I) They said that he had broken the mirror.
(II) They accused ________________.
Answer: They accused him of breaking the mirror.
(b) (I) Although Uma worked very hard, she failed the examination.
(II) Notwithstanding Uma ________________.
Answer: Notwithstanding Uma working very hard, she failed the examination.
(c) (I) Shakespeare is the most interesting writer.
(II) No other ________________.
Answer: No other writer is as interesting as Shakespeare.
(d) (I) All nooks and corners were checked.
(II) No nook and ________________.
Answer: No nook and corner was left unchecked.
(e) (I) I am afraid you cannot get admission to the college without clearing the admission test.
(II) It ________________.
Answer: It is necessary to clear the admission test to get admission to the college.
(ii) Fill in each blank with a suitable word. (Do not write the sentence.)
(a) I shall call _________ the President tomorrow.
Answer: on
Explanation: We use “on” when referring to specific people or things that we are contacting or connecting with, such as “call on the President.” Here, “on” shows that you will formally connect with the President. Another example: “I called on my teacher to discuss the project.”
(b) I shall call _________ a taxi once the meeting gets over.
Answer: for
Explanation: “For” is used when you are asking or waiting for something, like “call for a taxi.” It means you are requesting the taxi to come. Another example: “She called for help when she was stuck.”
(c) Let us leave _________ our personal issues and work together.
Answer: aside
Explanation: “Aside” means to put something away or separate it. “Let us leave aside our personal issues” means we are keeping them away for now. Another example: “Put aside your toys before you start eating.”
(d) He went to serve the country leaving _________ his wife and child.
Answer: behind
Explanation: “Behind” is used when leaving someone or something in a place while moving forward. “Leaving behind his wife and child” means they are staying while he moves elsewhere. Another example: “He left his bag behind in the classroom.”
(e) Let us talk _________ our future plans.
Answer: about
Explanation: “About” is used to indicate the subject of a conversation. “Let us talk about our future plans” means we will discuss them. Another example: “They talked about their favorite games.”
(f) The salesman talked _________ buying this car.
Answer: into
Explanation: “Into” is used when discussing details or examining something deeply. “Talked into buying this car” suggests persuading someone to buy it. Another example: “He talked into joining the team.”
(g) We sympathise _________ her in her troubles.
Answer: with
Explanation: “With” is used to show connection or sharing in someone’s experience. “We sympathize with her” means we share her feelings. Another example: “I laughed with my friend when he told a joke.”
(h) We should have no sympathy _________ idle people.
Answer: for
Explanation: “For” here shows a lack of feeling or concern. “No sympathy for idle people” means not feeling sorry for those who are lazy. Another example: “She has no patience for lies.”
(i) The musician is blind _________ one eye.
Answer: in
Explanation: “In” refers to a specific physical condition. “Blind in one eye” means the musician cannot see with one of their eyes. Another example: “He has pain in his leg after the injury.”
(j) The father is blind _________ his son’s shortcomings.
Answer: to
Explanation: “To” is used when someone does not notice or pay attention to something. “Blind to his son’s shortcomings” means he does not see or recognize the flaws. Another example: “She was blind to her mistakes.”
(iii) Fill in the blanks in the passage given below with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets. Do not write the passage, but write the verbs in the correct order.
The apathy of the people. _(1) (highlight) by the poet when he _ (2) (say) he does not like the air-conditioner set on high all night, without _ (3) (realise) that some (4) (suffer) because of the cold _(5) (induce) by the air-conditioner. (6) (see) the apathy when he finds fresh bouquets people may He further relatives of the patients, (8) (throw) away in dustbins. (7) (bring) by the But _ (9) (move) ahead towards the waiting room the speaker _ (10) (realise) a sudden change in the attitude of the patients.
Answer:
- is highlighted
- says
- realising
- suffer
- induced
- sees
- brought
- thrown
- moves
- realises
Question 4
Read the passage given below and answer the questions (i), (ii) and (iii) that follow:
(1) I carried all the comic papers up to my room in the hotel. I ate pie and doughnuts and read them till I felt awful lethargy stealing upon me.
(2) I could feel my senses leaving me. Dimly I could feel the days go past, then the years, and then the long passage of the centuries.
(3) Suddenly I woke up. I was in a great room, dull, gloomy and dilapidated, looking like some kind of a museum. Beside me sat a man with a hairless face, his clothes looked like the grey ashes of paper. the
(4) ‘Quick,’ I said, ‘Where am I? What year is this?’ He drew in his breath and with a look of annoyance said, ‘How queer! but I know what you mean. It must be at least year 3,000, but nobody has kept track of them for so long, it’s hard to say.’
(5) He continued, ‘You see, after we eliminated death-”What!’ I cried sitting upright, ‘Where am I?’
(6) In a museum, I was told, with specimens like myself. Oddly enough the next query that sprang to my lips was about him, his suit. He told me it was made of asbestos. He started showing me around. As we passed through the dim dust-covered buildings outside I looked curiously at the figures in the cases.
(7) Looking at one figure in blue clothes with a belt and baton, I exclaimed, ‘That’s a policeman!’
(8) ‘Really’, said my new acquaintance, ‘What were they to be used for? You must excuse my ignorance as to the social customs in the past.’
(9) I didn’t understand what he meant. The change around me was absolutely appalling. A roaring thoroughfare had become a silent, moss-grown desolation.
(10) No sound of life or movement, except human figures walking to and fro in asbestos clothes, with a look of infinite age upon them.
(11) I gasped, ‘Where are the vehicles? How do you get about?’
(12) ‘We don’t,’ he answered. ‘Why should we? it’s just the same being here or anywhere else.’
(13) ‘But how do you get back and to your work?’ ‘Work!” he said, ‘there isn’t any work. The last of it was done centuries ago.’
(14) I looked around, open-mouthed and asked him to explain it to me. He said, ‘You had a certain amount of machinery in your time. But the better your machines, the harder you worked. The more things you had, the more you wanted. You were all caught in the cogs of your own machines. None of you could see the end.’
(15) ‘Chemical food came first,’ he continued, ‘we piled enough to last centuries. Agriculture went overboard. Eating and all that goes with it, domestic labour, household work, all ended. Asbestos clothes came next and then a special achievement, we killed the weather!’
(16) I uttered another query in amazement, ‘So you live forever now?’ ‘Yes, unless of course, we get broken.’
(17) So this was the millennium of happiness, but somehow, there seemed something wrong with it.
(18) ‘Asbestos!’ I said, ‘this then is your civilisation. This dull, dead thing. For the old struggle-mere stagnation.’
(19) ‘Give me back,’ I cried, ‘the old life of danger and stress, with its hard toil and its bitter chance. I see its value!’ 45
(20) I woke up back in my hotel room, much to my relief.
(i) (a) Given below are three words and phrases. Find the words which have a similar meaning in the passage:
(1) Passivity
Answer: lethargy
(2) Old and broken
Answer: dilapidated
(3) Shocking
Answer: appalling
(b) For each of the words given below, choose the correct sentence that uses the same word unchanged in spelling, but with a different meaning from that which it carries in the passage:
(1) Track (line 10)
(A) Despite the hurdles she managed to keep her life’s track steady.
(B) The investigator closely monitored the suspect’s track through the city.
(C) The forest track led to a hidden hot water spring.
(D) Reema said that she was on the fast track for promotion.
Answer: (C) The forest track led to a hidden hot water spring.
(2) Passed (line 15)
(A) As they passed through the ancient gate, they saw an inscription on it.
(B) The travellers passed through the dense forest, guided by moonlight.
(C) She celebrated after learning that she had passed the exam.
(D) She passed through the bustling market, absorbing its vibrant energy.
Answer: (C) She celebrated after learning that she had passed the exam.
(3) Figures (line 16)
(A) After working for ten years, his salary is now in five figures.
(B) The artist skilfully carved intricate figures from blocks of wood.
(C) Ancient cave paintings often depict mysterious humanoid figures.
(D) In literature, allegorical figures convey deeper symbolic meanings in stories.
Answer: (B) The artist skilfully carved intricate figures from blocks of wood.
(ii) Answer the following questions in your own words as briefly as possible:
(a) The narrator slept in his hotel room only to wake up somewhere else. Where was he and what strange things was he told?
Answer: The narrator woke up in a museum in the distant future, where he was told that death had been eliminated, there was no work, food was chemical, and the weather had been controlled.
(b) How was the man sitting next to the narrator strange in appearance?
Answer: The man had a hairless face and wore clothes that resembled grey ashes of paper, made entirely of asbestos.
(c) What did the narrator see around himself?
Answer: The narrator saw dim, dust-covered buildings and silent, moss-grown surroundings. Human figures walked to and fro wearing asbestos clothes with an expression of infinite age.
(iii) Compare the two eras the narrator witnessed as mentioned in paragraphs 14 to 20. You are required to write the summary in the form of a connected passage in about 100 words:
Answer: The narrator contrasts the two eras he witnessed. In the past, people were caught in the demands of work, machinery, and endless desires. Though life was hard, it was filled with struggle, purpose, and progress. Machines required effort, agriculture was necessary, and food and weather shaped daily life. In the future era, death and work were eliminated, food became chemical, and weather was controlled. However, this led to stagnation and dullness. People lived indefinitely in asbestos clothes, indifferent to time and progress. The narrator realises the old life of toil and danger had value, as it brought vitality and purpose.
Ron’e Dutta is a journalist, teacher, aspiring novelist, and blogger who manages Online Free Notes. An avid reader of Victorian literature, his favourite book is Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. He dreams of travelling the world. You can connect with him on social media. He does personal writing on ronism.
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