Julius Caesar Act 3 Scene 1: ICSE Class 10 workbook answers

Get notes, workbook solutions, summary, questions and answers, and pdf of the drama/play Julius Caesar (Act 3 Scene 1) by William Shakespeare, which is part of ICSE Class 10 English. However, the notes should only be treated as references, and changes should be made according to the needs of the students.

Summary

The scene starts outside the Capitol, where Caesar arrives with his supporters and the conspirators. As Caesar approaches, the soothsayer reminds him that the Ides of March have come. Artemidorus and Decius try to hand petitions to Caesar, but he arrogantly brushes them off, saying he will read them later.

Caesar then goes into the Capitol with the senators, including the conspirators. Popilius whispers something to Cassius that worries him, but Brutus reassures Cassius when he sees Popilius smile at Caesar. The conspirators are relieved. As planned, Trebonius draws Mark Antony away from Caesar.

Inside the Capitol, Caesar sits on the throne. Metellus Cimber kneels before Caesar and petitions to repeal his brother’s banishment. But Caesar refuses arrogantly, saying he stands firmly by his decisions. Seeing no other way, Casca strikes the first blow at Caesar from behind his neck. The other conspirators surround Caesar, stabbing him repeatedly. Lastly, Brutus delivers the final blow, at which Caesar utters his famous words, “Et tu, Brute?” before dying at the base of Pompey’s statue.

Chaos ensues on the streets as the public runs around in fear and confusion. The conspirators emerge, pleading with the senators and the public not to panic. Antony, shocked at what has happened, runs home. He sends his servant back to check if the conspirators plan to harm him too. The servant cleverly flatters the conspirators, after which Brutus ensures Antony’s safety.

Antony soon arrives, grieving over Caesar’s body and almost offering to let the conspirators kill him too out of loyalty to Caesar. But Brutus assures him that there is no malice against Antony. All conspirators make gestures of friendship with Antony, but Cassius remains suspicious of his motives.

Antony then requests to speak at Caesar’s funeral. Cassius objects, but Brutus allows it, provided Antony speaks only with their permission and after Brutus has spoken first. Antony agrees, so the conspirators depart, leaving him alone with the body.

Alone now, Antony emotionally accuses the conspirators of butchering Caesar. He prophesies that Caesar’s death will bring civil war and destruction to Italy. When a servant informs him of Octavius Caesar’s impending arrival, Antony sends a message that Octavius should wait awhile, as Rome is not a safe place for him. 

Register

Login

Video tutorial

Evergreen Workbook Solutions

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Caesar compared himself to the 

a. northern star b. the sun c. God d. stars in the universe 

Answer: a. northern star 

2. Caesar lay dead at the base of the statue of 

a. Pompey b. Junius Brutus c. Cato d. his ancestor 

Answer: a. Pompey 

3. After the murder of Caesar, Antony 

a. runs to his house amazed b. attacks the conspirators c. kills himself d. stirs the mob to kill the conspirators 

Answer: a. runs to his house amazed 

4. Antony is allowed to speak in the funeral of Caesar on the following condition: 

a. he will speak only after Brutus has spoken b. he will not speak good of Caesar c. he will blame Caesar d. he will support the conspirators for murdering Caesar 

Answer: a. he will speak only after Brutus has spoken 

5. Antony addresses Caesar’s dead body as 

a. an honourable man b. a deer hunted by the evil doers c. bleeding piece of earth d. a purger of Rome 

Answer: c. bleeding piece of earth 

6. At the end of the scene 

a. a servant of Octavius enters b. the servant informs Antony of the arrival of Octavius c. Antony stops Octavius to enter Rome for the time being.  d. All of the above 

Answer: b. the servant informs Antony of the arrival of Octavius 

Context questions

QUESTION 1 

Caesar (to the soothsayer) The Ides of March are come
Soothsayer-Ay Caesar, but not gone
ARTEMIDORUS – Hail Caesar! Read this schedule.
DECIUS- Trebonius doth desire you to o’er read,
At your best leisure, this his humble suit 

1. What does Caesar answer to the people who want him to read their suit? Who does Caesar get annoyed with? Why? 

Answer: Caesar tells Artemidorus that he will read his suit last as it is something that touches Caesar personally. Caesar gets annoyed with Artemidorus because of his persistence in asking Caesar to read his petition immediately. 

2. What does Popilus say to Cassius? Why does Cassius get tensed? What does he instruct Casca to do? 

Answer: Popilius wishes Cassius good luck and success in his “enterprise” today. This makes Cassius tensed as he fears their conspiracy has been discovered. He instructs Casca to be sudden in striking Caesar and not wait any longer. 

3. What makes Brutus tell Cassius to be calm?

Answer: Brutus notices that Popilius is smiling at Caesar and Caesar’s face does not show any anger or fear. This makes Brutus assure Cassius that Popilius was not talking about their conspiracy and there is no cause for worry. 

4. Who takes Antony out of the way? Why? What is Metellus Cimber’s suit to Caesar? State three instances to show Caesar’s high handedness in not granting Metellus Cimber’s suit. 

Answer: Trebonius takes Antony out of the way as part of the conspirators’ plan. Metellus Cimber pleads with Caesar to repeal the order banishing his brother Publius Cimber. Three instances showing Caesar’s high-handedness: 1) He says prayers and flattery will not move him 2) He spurns anyone trying to plead for Publius Cimber like kicking a dog 3) He refuses to alter his decision declaring himself as constant as the Northern star. 

QUESTION 2 

CAESAR- I could be well moved,
If I were as you,
If I could pray to move, prayers would move me;
But I am constant as the …………

1. Who does Caesar compare himself to in the blanks in the extract? How does he compare himself to the object? Mention two qualities Caesar boasts about himself. 

Answer: Caesar compares himself to the Northern star. He says like the northern star which has a fixed and constant position in the sky, he is also fixed and constant in his decisions and qualities. The two qualities he boasts about are being unshakable and unwavering. 

2. What is the outcome of Caesar’s high-handedness? Who strikes Caesar first and who strikes him last? 

Answer: Caesar’s high-handedness and arrogance make the conspirators attack him. Casca strikes Caesar first while Brutus strikes him last. 

3. What are Caesar’s famous words before he falls? What is the significance of his last words? 

Answer: Caesar’s famous last words are “Et tu, Brute? Then fall Caesar!”. This shows his disbelief and shock that even his dear friend Brutus has betrayed him. It highlights the deep personal betrayal Caesar felt. 

4. What is the reaction of the people when Caesar falls? How does Brutus try to appease the people? 

Answer: The people are terrified, running around and crying out as if it is doomsday. Brutus tells them not to be frightened and to stand still, assuring them their ambition’s debt is paid. 

5. How does Brutus show that he has performed an honourable deed? What does it tell us about Brutus? 

Answer: Brutus asks the conspirators to wash their hands in Caesar’s blood to show they have purged rather than murdered Caesar. This shows Brutus’ idealism in trying to justify the murder as a noble deed rather than a crime. 

QUESTION 3 

Stoop Romans, stoop,
And let us bathe our hands in Caesar’s blood up to the elbow and besmear our swords 

1. Who is the speaker? What does the speaker want the conspirators to do after this action? 

Answer: The speaker is Brutus. He wants the conspirators to walk to the marketplace waving their bloody swords and crying “Peace, freedom and liberty!”. 

2. Where does Caesar lie dead? Who does Cassius want to lead? 

Answer: Caesar lies dead at the base of Pompey’s statue. Cassius wants Brutus to lead. 

3. Who enters after the extract? Why has the person come there? What has he been asked to do? What has that person been ordered to tell Brutus? What does Brutus have to vouchsafe? 

Answer: Antony’s servant enters. He has come on Antony’s request to confirm his safety from the conspirators. The servant has been asked by Antony to kneel before Brutus. He is ordered to tell Brutus that Antony loved Caesar but honors and loves Brutus more now. Brutus has to assure safe passage for Antony if he comes to meet Brutus. 

4. What does Brutus assure the person? 

Answer: Brutus assures Antony’s servant that Antony will be safe and can depart untouched if he comes to meet Brutus. 

QUESTION 4 

ANTONY -O mighty Caesar!
Dost thou lie so low?
Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs spoils shrunk to this little measure?
Fare thee well. 

1. What does Antony wish for? Why does he make such a wish? 

Answer: Antony wishes to be killed by the conspirators and placed next to Caesar’s corpse, as he wants to die nobly like Caesar rather than live without him. 

2. What reason does Brutus give for not granting Antony’s wish? How does he justify to Antony the reason for murdering Caesar? 

Answer: Brutus says they only appear bloody and cruel but their hearts are pitiful. He says they killed Caesar out of pity for Rome’s general wrongs, to drive out Caesar’s ambition which would have harmed Rome. 

3. How does Brutus try to convince Antony that they have no ill will towards him? What does Antony do to extend his hand of friendship towards the conspirators? What is Antony’s ulterior motive in doing so? 

Answer: Brutus says their swords and arms have no malice towards Antony. Antony shakes hands with the conspirators, declaring love and friendship. His ulterior motive is to avenge Caesar’s death. 

4. What does Antony compare Caesar and the conspirators to? How does Antony win the confidence of the conspirators? 

Answer: Antony compares Caesar to a hart (deer) hunted by many princes (the conspirators). He wins their confidence by flattering them and pretending to make peace and be friends with Caesar’s enemies. 

5. What request does Antony make? Who objects to his request? Was the person who objected sound in his judgement of Antony? 

Answer: Antony requests to speak at Caesar’s funeral. Cassius objects as he distrusts and fears what Antony may say to instigate the masses. Yes, Cassius had sound judgment about Antony’s dangerous speech-making ability. 

QUESTION 5 

ANTONY -O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth
That I am meek and gentle with these butchers!
Thou art the ruins of the noblest man
Who ever lived in tide of times. 

1. Why does Antony refer to Caesar’s body ‘thou bleeding piece of earth? Who does he call ‘butchers’? 

Answer: He refers so due to the multiple wounds making Caesar’s body bleed profusely resembling the earth. He calls the conspirators who killed Caesar “butchers”. 

2. When, why and how had Antony been meek and gentle with these butchers? What trait of Antony’s character do you assess by this action? 

Answer: Earlier Antony had politely greeted the conspirators, praising Brutus and pretending to make peace with them, concealing his true grief and rage. This shows Antony’s cunning nature. 

3. What does Antony prophesy on the wounds of Caesar? Who will roam about to take revenge? Does Antony’s prophecy come true? How? 

Answer: Antony prophesies that Caesar’s wounds call for revenge and curse the men who killed him, leading to fierce civil war. Caesar’s spirit will roam taking revenge with the goddess Ate. Yes, this prophecy of revenge and civil war comes true later in the play. 

4. Who enters after Antony soliloquy’s? What news does the person bring? 

Answer: A servant of Octavius Caesar enters. He informs that Octavius lies seven leagues from Rome and is coming to Rome. 

5. What does Antony tell the person to convey to the person who has sent him? What two things does Antony request from the person to do at the end of the scene? 

Answer: Antony tells him to go back quickly and inform Octavius that Rome is currently dangerous for him. Antony requests the servant to help him carry Caesar’s body to the marketplace. He also wants the servant to stay back and observe Antony’s speech and its effect on the masses, and report back to Octavius. 

Morning Star Workbook Solutions

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who among the following is NOT waiting on the road for Caesar to pass?

(a) Soothsayer
(b) Artemidorus
(c) Lucius
(d) Popilius

Answer: (c) Lucius

2. Why does Artemidorus urge Caesar to go through his letter first?

(a) It is concerned with the conspiracy against Carsar
(b) It is concerning Rome
(c) It is concerns a matter of national importance
(d) It is he who came first to Caesar

Answer: (a) It is concerned with the conspiracy against Caesar

3. Cassius says that he fears their “purpose is discovered. What is the purpose”

(a) To form a group of conspirators
(b) To murder Caesar
(c) To save Rome from Caesar
(d) To rope in Brutus for their conspiracy

Answer: (b) To murder Caesar

4. What does Cassius say he would do if their purpose is revealed?

(a) Make another plan
(b) Kill the one who revealed it
(c) Kill Casca
(d) Kill himself

Answer: (d) Kill himself

5. According to Caesar, what will be the effect of Metellus Cimber’s stooping and cringing on ordinary men?

(a) Incite others to stoop so low
(b) Inflame the pride of ordinary men
(c) Invoke the ordinary men to rebel
(d) None of the above

Answer: (b) Inflame the pride of ordinary men

6. What would Caesar do with Metellus Cimber if he would pray on his brother’s behalf using humble flattery?

(a) Change the sentence of banishment
(b) Banish him too like his brother
(c) Will not change the sentence of banishment
(d) Reduce his sentence of banishment

Answer: (c) Will not change the sentence of banishment

7. With whom does Caesar compare himself in this scene of the play?

(a) Lion
(b) Sun
(c) Pole Star
(d) Moon

Answer: (c) Pole Star

8. How do the conspirators make requests to Caesar regarding Publius Cimber?

(a) Appealing to his divine right
(b) Appealing to his supreme self
(c) Feigned servility
(d) None of the above

Answer: (c) Feigned servility

9. Which attitude of Caesar is seen in his act of denying Metellus Cimber’s petition?

(a) Arrogance
(b) Pride
(c) Honesty
(d) Modesty

Answer: (a) Arrogance

10. How do the people of Rome run after Caesar’s murderers?

(a) As if an earthquake had occurred
(b) As if doomsday had come
(c) As if a large building had collapsed.
(d) As if a mountain had fallen on them.

Answer: (b) As if doomsday had come.

11. How according to Brutus, have they helped Caesar by murdering him?

(a) By preventing him from becoming a ruthless dictator
(b) By preventing him from the agony of losing kingship
(c) By saving Rome from being ruined.
(d) By preventing him from living in fear of death.

Answer: (d) By preventing him from living in fear of death.

12. According to Cassius, how would the people describe the group of Caesar’s murderers in future?

(a) Liberators of their country
(b) Butchers who slayed Caesar
(c) Savage of the first order
(d) Noble men of Rome

Answer: (a) Liberators of their country

13. How does Brutus seem to see the murder of Caesar?

(a) As a solemn act of purification of Rome
(b) As an act of great justice to him
(c) As an act of friendship
(d) All of the above

Answer: (a) As a solemn act of purification of Rome.

14. According to Antony, how was Caesar brought by?

(a) Like a stag by hounds
(b) Like a dog by hunters
(c) Like a goat by butchers
(d) None of the above.

Answer: (a) Like a stag by hounds

15. What appears as the main cause of Brutus’ failure in this scene of the play?

(a) Lack of experience
(b) Lack of brutality
(c) Error of judgement
(d) None of the above.

Answer: (c) Error of judgement.

Context Questions

1.Caesar
[To the Soothsayer] The ides of March are come.
Soothsayer
Ay, Caesar, but not gone.
Artemidorus
Hail, Caesar! read this schedule.
Decius
Trebonius doth desire you to o’er-read, At your best leisure, this his humble suit.

(i) Where does this conversation take place? Why did Caesar tell the Soothsayer “The ides of March are come”? When had he met the Soothsayer before?

Answer: This conversation takes place on the street as Caesar is on his way to the Capitol. Caesar tells the Soothsayer “The ides of March are come” because he recalls the Soothsayer’s previous warning to “beware the Ides of March” (March 15). He met the Soothsayer earlier in the play, during Act 1, Scene 2, when the Soothsayer first issued this warning. Caesar’s remark implies that he believes the danger has passed since the day has arrived.

(ii) Who is Artemidorus? Whom does he represent in the play? What is the importance of his “schedule”? 

Answer: Artemidorus is a teacher of rhetoric in the play, and he represents a well-wisher of Caesar who is aware of the conspiracy against him. The “schedule” he carries is a letter warning Caesar of the impending assassination, listing the names of the conspirators and urging him to read it immediately. Its importance lies in its potential to save Caesar’s life if he reads it in time.

(iii) Why does Artemidorus request Caesar to read his “schedule” first? With reference to a previous scene, show how Artemidorus’ fears are justified. 

Answer: Artemidorus requests Caesar to read his “schedule” first because it contains vital information that could prevent his assassination. His fears are justified by the previous scenes where the conspirators, led by Cassius and Brutus, have plotted to kill Caesar. Artemidorus knows the urgency of the situation and understands that any delay in delivering his warning could result in Caesar’s death.

(iv) Mention the two reasons given by Caesar for not reading the “schedule” handed over by Artemidorus. Which trait of his personality is revealed by his act? 

Answer: Caesar gives two reasons for not reading Artemidorus’ schedule: he states that “What touches us ourself shall be last served,” indicating that he prioritizes the needs of others over his own. Secondly, he dismisses Artemidorus by asking, “What, is the fellow mad?” which suggests that he does not take the warning seriously. This act reveals Caesar’s arrogance and his sense of invulnerability, a fatal flaw that leads to his downfall.

(v) Name two people in the scene who are trying to warn Caesar. Name two other people who defeat their efforts to do so. Which theme of the play is highlighted here? Explain it briefly. 

Answer: Two people trying to warn Caesar are the Soothsayer and Artemidorus. The efforts to warn Caesar are defeated by Decius, who distracts Caesar with a request from Trebonius, and by Caesar himself, who dismisses Artemidorus’ warning. The theme highlighted here is fate versus free will. Despite multiple warnings, Caesar’s refusal to heed them demonstrates the tension between destiny and human action, suggesting that his fate was sealed by his own choices and arrogance.

2.Cassius
Casca, be sudden, for we fear prevention.
Brutus, what shall be done? If this be known,
Cassius or Caesar never shall turn back,
For I will slay myself.
Brutus
Cassius, be constant.
Popilius Lena speaks not of our purposes;
For, look, he smiles, and Caesar doth not change

(i) “If this be known-What does this” refer to? If it would be known what could happen?

Answer: “This” refers to the conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar. Cassius fears that if their plan is discovered before they can act, they would fail, and the conspirators might be apprehended or killed. He even states that if their plot is revealed, he will kill himself.

(ii) What duty is assigned to Casca? Why should he be “sudden”?

Answer: Casca is assigned the task of striking the first blow in Caesar’s assassination. He must be “sudden” to ensure that the attack is swift and unexpected, preventing any chance of intervention that could foil their plan.

(iii) What has Popilius Lena said and done which makes Cassius to fear? What did they think that Lena was saying? How does Brutus show them that there is nothing to fear?

Answer: Popilius Lena wishes Cassius well and expresses hope that their “enterprise” will succeed, which alarms Cassius because it suggests that Lena knows about the conspiracy. Cassius fears that their plan has been discovered. Brutus reassures Cassius by pointing out that Popilius Lena is smiling and talking to Caesar without any change in Caesar’s demeanor, indicating that their plot has not been revealed.

(iv) What was the task assigned to Trebonius? What petition did Metellus Cimber present to Caesar? In what way did he flatter Caesar?

Answer: Trebonius’s task was to keep Mark Antony away from the Senate House, ensuring that Antony could not intervene in the assassination. Metellus Cimber presented a petition to Caesar to revoke the banishment of his brother, Publius Cimber. He flattered Caesar by kneeling and addressing him with exaggerated respect, referring to him as “Most high, most mighty, and most puissant Caesar.”

(v) Give two of the arguments given by Caesar to reject the petition made bry Metellus. Which trait of Caesar’s character is highlighted in these arguments?

Answer: Caesar rejected the petition by stating:

• That he is as “constant as the Northern Star,” implying that he is firm and unchangeable in his decisions.
• That he will not be swayed by flattery or supplication, as these tactics might influence weaker men but not him.

These arguments highlight Caesar’s traits of unwavering resolve and pride, demonstrating his belief in his own authority and constancy.

3.Caesar
But I am constant as the northern star,
Of whose true-fixd and resting quality
There is no fellow in the firmament
The skies are painted with unnumberd sparks
They are all fire and every one doth shine.
But there’s but one in all doth hold his place
So in the world; tis furnishd well with men,

(i) What is the “northern star”? Give the meaning of: “Of whose true-fix’d and resting quality/ There is no fellow in the firmament.”

Answer: The “northern star” refers to the Pole Star, which is known for its constancy in the night sky, always remaining fixed in its position while other stars appear to move. When Caesar says, “Of whose true-fix’d and resting quality/ There is no fellow in the firmament,” he means that the northern star is unique in its steadiness and unchanging nature, unlike any other star in the sky. This symbolizes something or someone who is unchangeable and resolute.

(ii) Why does Caesar compare himself to the northern star? What is the occasion for such a comparison?

Answer: Caesar compares himself to the northern star to emphasize his steadfastness and unyielding nature. The occasion for this comparison arises when the conspirators, particularly Metellus Cimber, beg for the repeal of Cimber’s brother’s banishment. Caesar uses this metaphor to assert that, like the northern star, he remains firm in his decisions and is not swayed by pleas or flattery.

(iii) State the comparison made by Caesar between the firmament and the world of men ?

Answer:  Caesar compares the firmament (the sky) filled with countless stars to the world populated by many men. Just as the stars are numerous and each shines brightly, men are numerous and capable. However, just as there is only one star that remains fixed and constant (the northern star), Caesar sees himself as the one man who remains unshakable and resolute in his position and authority.

(iv) Why is Caesar so stubbom in his attitude towards the conspirator ? What purpose does his stubbomness serve on the dramatic effectiveness?

Answer:  Caesar’s stubbornness reflects his pride and belief in his own infallibility. His refusal to yield to the conspirators’ pleas demonstrates his self-perception as a ruler above ordinary men, unmovable and constant in his judgments. Dramatically, this stubbornness heightens the tension and sets the stage for his assassination, underscoring the tragic irony of his unyielding nature leading to his downfall. It also serves to justify the conspirators’ actions in their eyes, as they see him as a tyrant who cannot be reasoned with.

(v) What horrible event is about to take place in a short time? Who was the first to strike? Why is Antony absent from the scene? What could have happened if Antony were to be present on the scene?

Answer: he horrible event about to take place is the assassination of Caesar. Casca is the first to strike Caesar. Antony is absent from the scene because Trebonius deliberately leads him away from Caesar, as part of the conspirators’ plan to ensure that Antony, a loyal friend to Caesar, does not interfere with their plot. If Antony had been present, he might have attempted to defend Caesar or rally others to protect him, potentially preventing the assassination or at least altering its course.

4. Brutus
Fates, we will know your pleasures.
That we shall die, we know; Yis but the time
And drawing days out, that men stand upon.
Cassius
‘Why, he that cuts off twenty years of life
Cuts off so many years of fearing death.

(i) When does this conversation take place? In what state of mind are Brutus and Cassius ?

Answer: This conversation takes place immediately after the assassination of Julius Caesar in Act 3, Scene 1. Brutus and Cassius are in a state of conflicted resolve. Brutus is calm and philosophical, reflecting on the inevitability of death and attempting to rationalize the murder as a noble act. Cassius, on the other hand, tries to console Brutus by suggesting that cutting short Caesar’s life has also ended his fear of death. Both characters are grappling with the gravity of their actions and the consequences that will follow.

(ii) What is meant by the “Fates” ? State in your own words what the Fates were responsible for. According to the extract, what do men know and what do men know and what do they fear?

Answer: The “Fates” refer to the three goddesses in Roman mythology who control the destinies of human beings. They are responsible for determining the lifespan and fate of every individual. In the context of the extract, Brutus acknowledges that the Fates have decreed everyone’s death, and the only uncertainty is when it will happen. Men know they must die, but they fear the uncertainty of the timing and the process of dying.

(iii) What positive note does Casca strike in the death of Caesar? What does Brutus feel about it?

Answer: Casca strikes a positive note by suggesting that by cutting off twenty years of Caesar’s life, they have also cut off twenty years of fearing death. Brutus agrees with this reasoning and considers death to be a benefit in this context, seeing their actions as freeing Caesar from the fear of death and themselves from the tyranny they believed he represented

(iv) After the extract, what does Brutus ask the Romans to do? In what way does this seem to be a fulfilment of Calpurnia’s dream?

Answer: After the extract, Brutus asks the Romans to stoop and bathe their hands in Caesar’s blood, symbolically taking part in the assassination. This act seems to fulfill Calpurnia’s dream, in which she envisioned Caesar’s statue spouting blood like a fountain, with Romans washing their hands in it. The scene plays out as a literal fulfillment of this ominous vision.

(v) State briefly the role played by the assassination of Caesar in the story-line of Julius Caesar.

Answer: The assassination of Julius Caesar is the pivotal event in the play, triggering the subsequent conflict and chaos in Rome. It leads to a power struggle, with Brutus and Cassius on one side and Antony and Octavius on the other. The murder sets off a chain of events that ultimately result in a civil war, the downfall of the conspirators, and the rise of Octavius as the ruler of Rome. The assassination marks the beginning of the end for the Roman Republic and the transition to the Roman Empire.

5.Cassius
Stoop, then, and wash. How many ages hence
Shall this our lofty scene be acted over,
In states unborn and accents yet unknown!
Brutus
How many times shall Caesar bleed in sport,
That now on Pompey’s basis lies along
No worthier than the dust!
Cassius
So oft as that shall be,
So often shall the knot of us be call’d
The men that gave their country liberty.
Decius
What, shall we forth?
Cassius
Ay, every man away:
Brutus shall lead, and we will grace his heels
With the most boldest and best hearts of Rome.
[Enter a Servant]
Brutus
Soft! who comes here?

(i) When Cassius says, “Stoop, then, and wash,” to whom is he speaking? What exactly does he mean? Who had just suggested washing?

Answer: Cassius is speaking to the other conspirators when he says, “Stoop, then, and wash.” He is instructing them to stoop down and wash their hands in Caesar’s blood, symbolically showing that they are all equally responsible for the assassination. Brutus had just suggested that they bathe their hands in Caesar’s blood to show that they are the ones who have liberated Rome.

(ii) Explain the meaning of “states unborn”, “accents” and “Pompeys basis.”

Answer: 

• “States unborn” refers to countries or nations that have not yet been established.
• “Accents” refers to the different languages or dialects that will eventually emerge in those future states.
• “Pompey’s basis” refers to the statue of Pompey, which symbolizes the place where Caesar has fallen, lying lifeless and reduced to dust, just like the ground beneath the statue.

(iii) What does Brutus want to express when he says, “How many times shall Caesar bleed in sport”?

Answer: Brutus is reflecting on how Caesar’s assassination will be reenacted in plays and other forms of storytelling across time and in different places. He is implying that Caesar’s death will be retold and perhaps trivialized (“in sport”) by future generations.

(iv) What does Cassius believe “the knot of us” will be called and why?

Answer: Cassius believes that the group of conspirators (“the knot of us”) will be remembered as the men who brought liberty to their country. He thinks they will be celebrated as heroes who freed Rome from tyranny by killing Caesar.

(v) The entry of the servant of Antony may be said to mark the turning point of the whole play. Narrate, very briefly, in what way this is so.

Answer: The entry of Antony’s servant marks the turning point of the play because it foreshadows Antony’s plan to turn the Roman populace against the conspirators. After the servant delivers Antony’s message, Brutus and Cassius make the fatal mistake of allowing Antony to speak at Caesar’s funeral, setting the stage for Antony’s powerful speech that incites the crowd and leads to the downfall of the conspirators.

6. Antony
O mighty Caesar! dost thou lie so low?
Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils,
Shrunk to this little measure? Fare thee well.
I know not, gentlemen, what you intend,
Who else must be let blood, who else is rank:
If I myself, there is no hour so fit
As Caesar’s death’s hour; nor no instrument
Of half that worth as those your swords, made rich
With the most noble blood of all this world.

(i) Where does the mighty Caesar lie? What is meant by “this little measure”? Give one example each of Caesar’s conquests and his glories.

Answer: Caesar lies dead on the ground after being assassinated by the conspirators. “This little measure” refers to Caesar’s body, now reduced to a small, lifeless form, despite the vastness of his accomplishments in life. One example of Caesar’s conquests is his victory in Gaul, and an example of his glories is his triumph as a military leader celebrated in Rome.

(ii) Who are the “gentlemen” he addresses? What does he implore them, to do ? What does his request tell us about his character?

Answer: The “gentlemen” Antony addresses are the conspirators who have just killed Caesar. He implores them to kill him as well, if they intend to do so, at the same moment and with the same weapons used on Caesar. This request reveals Antony’s loyalty and deep respect for Caesar, showing that he would rather die alongside him than live without him.

(iii) Give the meaning of: “Who else must be let blood, who else is ran) – What in your opinion, is Antony’s reason for saying so?

Answer: The phrase means “who else must be killed, who else is considered a threat.” Antony is questioning the conspirators about whether they intend to kill anyone else they consider dangerous, possibly including himself. He says this to gauge their intentions and to express a sense of resignation or challenge, showing his readiness to face the same fate as Caesar if necessary.

(iv) What does Antony’s expression, “the most noble blood of all this world indicate about Antony’s feelings for Caesar?

Answer: Antony’s expression indicates his profound admiration and reverence for Caesar. He views Caesar as the most noble and honorable person in the world, and the shedding of his blood as a tragic and momentous event. This highlights Antony’s deep loyalty and affection for Caesar.

(v) What did Brutus tell Antony about the conspirator’s feelings for Caesar? Was Brutus honest? Why?

Answer: Brutus told Antony that the conspirators acted out of a sense of duty to Rome, not out of hatred for Caesar. He claimed that they pitied Rome more than they envied Caesar, suggesting that their actions were driven by a desire to protect the Republic. Brutus was honest in expressing his belief that their actions were justified, though he may have been naive in underestimating the emotional and political consequences of their deed.

7. Antony
My credit now stands on such slippery ground,
That one of two bad ways you must conceit me,
Either a coward or a flatterer.
That I did love thee, Caesar, O, ‘tis true:

(i) What is meant by the word “credit”? Why does it now stand “on such slippery ground.

Answer: In this context, the word “credit” refers to Antony’s reputation or trustworthiness. It stands “on such slippery ground” because Antony is in a precarious position—he must balance between appearing loyal to Caesar and not provoking the conspirators who have just murdered Caesar. His reputation could easily be damaged if he is perceived as either too cowardly for not avenging Caesar or as a flatterer for siding with the conspirators.

(ii) What does Antony mean to say by the following words:

Answer: Antony is expressing his internal conflict about his actions. He acknowledges his love for Caesar and the guilt he feels for seemingly aligning himself with Caesar’s murderers. He fears that others will see him as a coward for not immediately avenging Caesar or as a flatterer for ingratiating himself with the conspirators.

(iii) What effect do Antony’s action and words have on his listeners?

Answer: Antony’s words and actions likely create a sense of uncertainty and suspicion among the conspirators. While he presents himself as submissive and conciliatory, his grief and the subtle hints in his speech suggest that he is not entirely on their side, which might make the conspirators uneasy.

(iv) What mistake did Brutus make by granting the request of Antony? What did Cassius warn him then? What was the consequence of the mistake?

Answer:  Brutus made the mistake of allowing Antony to speak at Caesar’s funeral. Cassius warned Brutus that Antony might sway the people against them with his words. The consequence of this mistake was that Antony, through his powerful oration, turned the Roman populace against the conspirators, leading to civil unrest and the eventual downfall of Brutus and the other conspirators.

(v) “How did Antony prove that he could be both a coward and a flatterer?

Answer: Antony could be seen as a coward because he does not immediately challenge the conspirators after Caesar’s death, instead choosing to seemingly align with them. He could be viewed as a flatterer because he shakes hands with the very men who killed Caesar, using deceptive language to gain their trust while secretly planning to avenge Caesar’s death.

8. Pardon me, Julius! Here wast thou bay’d, brave hart;
Here did’st thou fall; and here thy hunters stand.
Sign’d in thy spoil, and crimson’d in thy lethe.
O world, thou wast the forest to this hart,
And this, indeed, O world, the heart of thee.
How like a deer, strucken by many princes,
Dost thou here lie!

(i) Who speaks these words: “Here wast thou bay’d?” What is the com implied in the expression? To what custom of the hunters does it refer?

Answer: Mark Antony speaks these words. The expression “Here wast thou bay’d” refers to Julius Caesar being cornered and surrounded by his enemies (the conspirators), much like a hunted deer is surrounded by hounds before being killed. This metaphor draws from the hunting practice where hounds corner a deer, exhausting it before the hunters deliver the final blow.

(ii) Explain the double meaning intended in the expression, “brave hart.”

Answer: The expression “brave hart” contains a double meaning. Firstly, “hart” refers to a male deer, which is traditionally considered a noble and courageous animal in the context of hunting. Secondly, it is a pun on the word “heart,” symbolizing Julius Caesar himself, who was considered the “heart” of Rome, brave and central to its power and well-being.

(iii) Who are the hunters in the present crisis? Give the meaning of: “Sign’d thy spoil, and crimson’d in thy lethe.”

Answer: The hunters in the present crisis are the conspirators who assassinated Julius Caesar, including Brutus, Cassius, and others. The phrase “Sign’d thy spoil, and crimson’d in thy lethe” means that the conspirators are marked (“sign’d”) with Caesar’s blood (his spoil) and have become stained or tainted (“crimson’d”) in the river Lethe, which in mythology is associated with forgetfulness and death. This implies that their hands are stained with both the act of murder and the consequences of this deed.

(iv) In what way was the world, “the forest to this hart,” and “this indeed, world, the heart of thee”?

Answer: The world was like a “forest” to this “hart” (deer) in that Caesar, like a deer, roamed and dominated the world. The phrase “this indeed, world, the heart of thee” suggests that Caesar was the very essence or “heart” of the world, central to its function and existence. Thus, the world was both the environment in which Caesar lived and thrived and, metaphorically, Caesar was the core that held the world together.

(v) What does the speaker arouse Cassius’ suspicion ? What does Cassius ask the speaker as a result of the suspicion?

Answer: Cassius becomes suspicious because Antony, despite praising Caesar and expressing grief, appears to make peace with the conspirators and shakes their blood-stained hands. Cassius is wary that Antony might have ulterior motives. As a result of this suspicion, Cassius asks Antony what his intentions are, whether Antony plans to join them (“Will you be pricked in number of our friends”), or if they should proceed without depending on his support.

9.Antony
And Caesar’s spirit, ranging for revenge,
with Ate by his side come hot from hell,
Shall in these confines with a monarch’s voice
Cry “Havoc!” and let slip the dogs of war,
That this foul deed shall smell above the earth
With carrion men, groaning for burial.

(i) Why is Caesar’s spirit “raging for revenge”? When and to whom does Caesar’s spirit appear later in the play?

Answer: Mark Antony speaks these words. The expression “Here wast thou bay’d” metaphorically implies that Julius Caesar was cornered or surrounded by his enemies (the conspirators) just as a hunted animal, particularly a deer, would be surrounded by hounds in a hunt. The term “bay’d” refers to the custom in hunting where hounds surround and trap the prey, allowing the hunters to kill it.

(ii) Who is Ate? Why is her name used in the context? What is meant by “confines”?

Answer: The expression “brave hart” plays on the double meaning of the word “hart,” which refers both to a deer and, phonetically, to the word “heart.” In this context, Julius Caesar is compared to a “brave hart” or noble deer, symbolizing his bravery and nobility. Simultaneously, it suggests that Caesar was the “heart” of Rome, essential to its life and vitality.

(iii) “With a monarch’s voice Cry “Havoc!” — This indicates absolute and authoritative royal command for destruction. What does the expression foretell about the things to come?

Answer: The “hunters” in the present crisis are the conspirators who assassinated Julius Caesar, including Brutus, Cassius, Casca, and others. The phrase “Sign’d thy spoil, and crimson’d in thy lethe” means that the conspirators marked themselves with Caesar’s blood (“sign’d thy spoil”) and are stained (“crimson’d”) in the oblivion or death (“lethe”) of Caesar.

(iv) Who are “the dogs of war”? Which foul deed is referred to and how will it “smell above the earth”? 

Answer: The world was a “forest” to this “hart” (deer), Julius Caesar, implying that the world was the setting where he was hunted down. The phrase “this indeed, O world, the heart of thee” suggests that Caesar was the very heart of the world, vital to its existence, and with his death, the world itself is deeply wounded or diminished.

(v) What would the consequences of these happenings be for the conspirators and as well as for Antony?

Answer: Cassius becomes suspicious when Antony begins to speak highly of Caesar after his death. He worries that Antony might be plotting something against the conspirators. As a result of this suspicion, Cassius asks Antony what his intentions are and whether he will be counted among their friends or whether they should proceed without depending on him.

10. Antony
Yet, stay awhile;
Thou shalt not back till I have borne the corpse
Into the market-place: there shall I try,
In my oration, how the people take
The cruel issue of these bloody men…

(i) To whom is Antony speaking? Why is this person here? Where are they?

Answer: Antony is speaking to a servant of Octavius Caesar. This servant is here to inform Antony that Octavius is on his way to Rome. They are at the Capitol, where Julius Caesar has just been assassinated by Brutus and the other conspirators.

(ii) What had Antony just said to this person before telling him to “stay awhile”? How did this person help Antony?

Answer: Before telling the servant to “stay awhile,” Antony had expressed his grief over Caesar’s death and the chaos that has ensued. The servant had helped Antony by conveying Octavius’s message and by being ready to return with news about the current situation. Antony intends to carry Caesar’s body to the marketplace and see how the people react to the murder.

(iii) Explain the meaning of “oration”. What does this passage reveal to us about what Antony proposed to do?

Answer: An “oration” is a formal speech, particularly one given on a ceremonial occasion. In this passage, it reveals that Antony intends to give a speech at Caesar’s funeral in the marketplace to sway public opinion against the conspirators who killed Caesar. Antony plans to use his oration to gauge and possibly influence the people’s reaction to the assassination.

(iv) Earlier, Antony said, “Over thy wounds now do I prophesy.” Mention any three points of his prophesy. 

Answer: Antony’s prophecy over Caesar’s wounds included:

• A curse will fall upon the men who assassinated Caesar.
• Domestic strife and civil war will engulf Italy, leading to widespread destruction.
• Caesar’s spirit will seek revenge, and the act of his murder will lead to chaos and bloodshed, with mothers even smiling as they witness the horrors of war.

(v) Which trait of Antony’s nature is shown in this passage? Give examples of two other occasions in the play where a different aspect of his character is shown—distinct from the one shown in this extract.

Answer: In this passage, Antony’s trait of cunning and strategic thinking is highlighted. He carefully plans to use his oration to turn the people against the conspirators. Two other occasions showing different aspects of his character are:

• Loyalty: Antony’s loyalty is evident when he grieves deeply over Caesar’s death and swears vengeance against the conspirators.
• Manipulative Skill: In the aftermath of Caesar’s assassination, Antony manipulates the crowd during his funeral speech by initially appearing to side with the conspirators, only to gradually incite the mob against them.

Extras

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Popilius Lena wish for Cassius?

A. Success in his enterprise
B. A long life
C. Friendship with Caesar
D. Safety in Rome

Answer: A. Success in his enterprise

10. What does Brutus believe will happen as a result of Caesar’s assassination?

A. Civil war will break out
B. Rome will be free from tyranny
C. Antony will support the conspirators
D. Octavius will seek revenge

Answer: B. Rome will be free from tyranny

Questions and Answers

1. Metellus Most high, most mighty, and most puissant Caesar, Metellus Cimber throws before thy seat An humble heart.

i. What does Metellus Cimber request of Caesar?

Answer: Metellus Cimber requests Caesar to repeal the banishment of his brother, Publius Cimber.

ii. How does Caesar respond to Metellus Cimber’s request?

Answer: Caesar refuses, stating that he is as constant as the Northern Star, implying that his decisions are unchangeable.

iii. What is the significance of Caesar comparing himself to the Northern Star?

Answer: The comparison signifies Caesar’s belief in his own steadfastness and immovability, highlighting his arrogance.

iv. Why does Metellus kneel before Caesar?

Answer: Metellus kneels to flatter Caesar and make his plea appear more humble and sincere.

v. Who is the first to strike Caesar, and how does Metellus play a role in the assassination?

Answer: Casca is the first to strike Caesar. Metellus plays a role by distracting Caesar with his petition, allowing the conspirators to gather around.

11. Brutus And let no man abide this deed, But we the doers.

i. What is Brutus instructing the conspirators to do?

Answer: Brutus is instructing the conspirators to ensure that only those who were involved in the assassination take responsibility for it.

ii. How does Brutus’ instruction reflect his sense of honor?

Answer: Brutus’ instruction reflects his belief in taking full responsibility for their actions, demonstrating his sense of honor and integrity.

iii. What does this reveal about Brutus’ intentions behind the assassination?

Answer: It reveals that Brutus sees the assassination as a necessary act for the good of Rome and is willing to stand by it openly.

iv. How does this moment foreshadow the public’s reaction to the assassination?

Answer: This moment foreshadows the potential backlash from the public and the isolation the conspirators will face as a result of their deed.

v. How does this line encapsulate the tragic nature of Brutus’ character?

Answer: This line encapsulates the tragic nature of Brutus’ character, as he is committed to an honorable cause but is blind to the personal and political consequences.

Get notes of other boards, classes, and subjects

NBSE	SEBA/AHSEC
NCERT	TBSE
WBBSE/WBCHSE	ICSE/ISC
BSEM/COHSEM	MBOSE
Custom Notes Service	Question papers