Get textual answers, explanations, solutions, notes, extras, MCQs, PDF of Chapter 7 Resources of India: WBBSE Class 9 Geography (English medium). However, the educational materials should only be used for reference, and students are encouraged to make necessary changes.
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Summary
This chapter is about the resources of India. Resources mean things that satisfy human needs. A resource is anything with utility that can fulfill human wants. Professor Zimmermann defined a resource as not just a thing but its function in meeting human needs. Resources have many characteristics. They are created by human efforts, constantly changing, and include both material and non-material things. Resources expand with increased knowledge and technology.
Resources can be classified in many ways. By creating factor they can be natural (like coal), human (like labor), and cultural (like education). By comprehensibility they can be material (touchable) and immaterial (untouchable). By stability they can be non-renewable (like iron ore) and renewable (like forests). By availability they can be easily available, overall available, rarely available, and singly available.
Resources can also be classified by location, characteristics, ownership, constancy, and use. Conservation of resources means using them carefully and rationally. It’s important because resources are limited, needed for human consumption, and maintaining ecological balance.
India has rich mineral resources. Iron ore is very important for the economy. Different types of iron ore include magnetite, haematite, limonite, and siderite. The main iron ore producing states are Odisha, Jharkhand, Goa, Chhattisgarh, and Karnataka.
Coal is another key resource. Coal types include peat, lignite, bituminous, and anthracite. Coal is used for steam power, thermal power, steel making, and chemical industries. Major coal belts in India are the Damodar Valley, Sone-Mahanadi-Brahmani, Satpura, and Wardha-Godavari-Indravati regions.
Petroleum is called “Liquid Gold” because of its value. Main oil regions in India are North-East (mainly Assam), Western India (Gujarat), offshore West Coast (Bombay High), and some areas in Southern India.
Power resources are divided into conventional and non-conventional. Conventional power includes thermal power (from coal), hydroelectric power (from water), and nuclear power. Non-conventional sources include solar energy (from sunlight), wind energy, and geothermal energy (from Earth’s heat). Non-conventional energy has many advantages: it’s renewable, pollution-free, low-cost, widely available, and safe for the environment.
Textual Questions, Answers (Oriental)
Multiple Choice Questions
1. India stands third position in the world in the Production of :
(a) bauxite
(b) mica
(c) iron ore.
Answer: (c) iron ore.
2. More than 90% of the total coal reserves and production in India is of :
(a) Tertiary type
(b) Gondwana type
(c) Lignite type.
Answer: (b) Gondwana type.
3. The Jog hydel power station is located in :
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Karnataka
(c) Kerala.
Answer: (b) Karnataka.
4. Kudremukh in Karanataka has the largest deposit of :
(a) Haematite ore
(b) Magnetite ore
(c) Siderite ore.
Answer: (b) Magnetite ore.
Match the following
Question:
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| (i) Talcher | (i) cooking coal |
| (ii) Jharia | (ii) lignite coal |
| (iii) Neveli | (iii) oil field |
| (iv) Naharkatiya | (iv) coal |
Answer:
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| (i) Talcher | (iv) coal |
| (ii) Jharia | (i) cooking coal |
| (iii) Neveli | (ii) lignite coal |
| (iv) Naharkatiya | (iii) oil field |
Write very short notes
1. Why is Nunmati famous?
Answer: Nunmati, located in Guwahati, Assam, is famous primarily for housing the Guwahati Refinery. This refinery holds significance as it was the first public sector refinery in India and the first refinery established by Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., commissioned in 1962.
2. Where is the Korba coal mining region located?
Answer: The Korba coal mining region is located in Madhya Pradesh and Chattishgarh. Korba is one of the principal coal producing regions there.
3. Where is the Haldia oil refinery in West Bengal located?
Answer: The Haldia oil refinery is located in Haldia, an industrial port city in the Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal. It is situated near the confluence of the Haldi River and the Hooghly River.
4. Which state in India ranks first in the production of coal?
Answer: Jharkhand is the state in India that holds the 1st position in India for coal production.
5. Which state in India ranks first in the production of iron ore?
Answer: Odisha is the state in India that occupies the first place in India in the production of iron ore.
6. Give another name of non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer: Another name for non-conventional sources of energy is renewable energy sources. They are also sometimes referred to as alternative energy sources.
7. Name one (hydro)electric centre of North India.
Answer: One hydroelectric centre of North India is Bhakra, which is a major hydro power project in Punjab and Haryana.
8. Which state in India ranks first in the production of petroleum?
Answer: Rajasthan is a leading state in India for the onshore production of petroleum (crude oil), particularly from its fields in the Barmer district.
Short Answer type questions
1. What are the uses of coal in India?
Answer: The principal uses of coal are:
(i) For producing steam power: Coal was widely used after inventing the steam engine by James Watt in the eighteenth century. Coal is used to produce steam which is source of energy for rail, ship, steamer etc.
(ii) For producing thermal power: Approximate 55%-60% heat and energy of world comes from coal. 50% coal of India is used to produce thermo-electric power.
(iii) Raw materials of Iron and Steel Industry: Coke coal (high quality coal) is used to produce iron mould and steel from iron ore. Approximate 5.5% coal is used in Iron and Steel industries.
(iv) Chemical industry: By-products which we get from coal are ammonia, benjole, various insecticides from creozote and napthalyne etc. Near about 44% coal is used to produce fertiliser and cement in India.
(v) For making coal gas: The gas which is produced from coal is called coal gas. It is used for car and light.
(vi) For domestic fuel: Some inferior quality of coal is used as a fuel for cooking and heating room in cold countries.
(vii) Mineral oil: Coal is made of carbon and hydrocarbon. By the synthesis of coal and hydrogen, coal is transferred to petroleum oil.
2. What are the advantages of non-conventional sources of energy?
Answer: Advantages of Non-conventional power resources are:
(i) Renewable power is resource: Non-conventional power is produced from renewable and unlimited resources of our environment, so it has no ending inspite of its huge uses.
(ii) Pollutionless: Non-conventional energy resources do not pollute environment. So, it is a pollution-free energy source.
(iii) Very little producing cost: Non-conventional energy resources are got everywhere easily, so cost of production of energy is very low.
(iv) Available: Conventional energy resources are not available everywhere but nonconventional energy resources are comparatively available.
(v) It is free from danger: As Non-conventional resources of energy are polution free, so they are dangerless for the environment.
(vi) Investment: Uses of non-conventional energy is very little, so huge investment is not necessary for it.
3. Where is the principal coal mining belt of India located?
Answer: The Damodar Valley region is the largest coal producing belt of India. This region comprises of the coalfields of several states, including Jharkhand and West Bengal.
4. Write two important districts of Orissa whose are producing iron ore?
Answer: Two important districts in Odisha (Orissa) where iron ore deposits occur are Sundargarh and Keonjhar.
Essay Type Questions
1. Give an account of the distribution of oil fields of India.
Answer: Now petroleum is raised from four regions, which are: (i) North-East oil regions, (ii) West oil region, (iii) Sea bed oil region of west coast, (iv) South Oil region.
- Oil region of North Eastern India: Petroleum is raised from Assam and Arunachal Pradesh of North India.
- (a) Assam: In 1889, first petroleum mine was found in Digboi Assam. This is the oldest mine of the country. This state holds the 3rd position for producing petroleum. Most of the mines are situated in Lakhimpur, Sibsagar district, and Surma valley.
- Mines of Lakhimpur district: Principal mines are (i) Digboi, (ii) Naharkatia (iii) Hugrijan (iv) Duliajan (v) Makum etc.
- Mines of Sibsagar district: Principal mines are (i) Lakoa (ii) Moran (iii) Rudrasagar.
- Mines of Surma valley: Principal mines are (i) Badarpur (ii) Masimpur (iii) Patharia etc.
- (b) Arunachal Pradesh: Petroleum is produced from Ningur and Kharsang of this state.
- (a) Assam: In 1889, first petroleum mine was found in Digboi Assam. This is the oldest mine of the country. This state holds the 3rd position for producing petroleum. Most of the mines are situated in Lakhimpur, Sibsagar district, and Surma valley.
- Oil regions of Western India: Petroleum mines of West region are in Gujarat state and this is the second petroleum producing state in India. In 1958, first petroleum mine of Gujarat was found in Ankleshwar near Gulf of Khambat. Now it is 2nd largest petroleum producing area of India. The Principal mines of this state are (i) Cosamba and Ankaleswar of Ankaleswar region, (ii) Mehesana, Bakrol, Dholka, Lulej, Kathana of Khambat Gulf region, (iii) Naogram, Sananda, Cadi, Wavel and Ahemedabad of Ahemedabad regions. A big oil mine has been found at Kalol recently.
- (c) Off-shore oil mines of West Coast: Petroleum is produced from mainly three regions here.
- Bombay High: In 1974, ONGC found an oil layer which was approximately 2000 sq. km area at 100 km distance from Mumbai which is known as Bombay high. This is the largest petroleum region of India. At least 60% petroleum of India is raised from here. Petroleum is produced from Bombay High by a floating Japanese Rig which is known as the ‘Sagar Samrat’ (Emperor of Sea). There is also a floating oil well called ‘Sagar Vikas’. Main oil regions are—Bombay High, Hira, Panna, Ratna, Mukta, Nilam, Theja, Gandhar etc.
- Aliabet region: In 1971 Aliabet oil mines were discovered From Aliabet a Gulf of Cambey.
- Bassien region: Recently a big oil mine has been found under the sea at Bassien which is in the North of Mumbai.
- (d) Oil mines in the Southern India: Recently petroleum has been found in Vimanapalli of Andhra Pradesh, at Kovilkalappal and Narimamam at the basin of Kauveri in Tamilnadu.
- (e) Probable petroleum regions: Probable petroleum regions of India are : (i) Sundarban in West Bengal (ii) Tripura (iii) Himalayan foot hills (iv) Rajasthan (v) Upper Assam (vi) Khambat (vii) Andaman and Nicobar island.
2. Draw an outline map of India and locate thereon the oil fields and oil refineries of the country.
Answer:
3. Draw an outline map of India and locate thereon the iron ore fields of the country.
Answer:
Extras
Additional MCQs
1. What does resource refer to in Economic Geography?
A. Utility of a thing
B. Material object
C. Static asset
D. Manufactured good
Answer: A. Utility of a thing
60. Which site is the largest wind farm in Asia?
A. Lamba
B. Muppandal
C. Nagercoil
D. Puri
Answer: A. Lamba
Additional Questions, Answers
1. What is the definition of a resource in Economic Geography?
Answer: In Economic Geography the word ‘resource’ means the functionability or utility of a thing which renders service to satisfy human demands.
43. Evaluate the potential and challenges of solar and wind energy in meeting India’s future energy needs.
Answer: Solar Energy: The energy which is produced from the Sun’s heat and light is called Solar Energy. So, the sun is a huge and large energy container. If it would be completely used, there would be no lack of power in the world.
- Uses: Solar water heating system: In this system water is heated up, it keeps the house warm in cold countries. 1. Solar Cooker : By this system sun’s heat is used for cooking. 2. Solar Drier : To remove humidity from any material, it is widely used. It is also used for drying. 3. Solar Distillation : Solar distillation is used to distill drinking water. 4. By using solar heat we can boil water or dry the grains. 5. By using solar electricity i.e., by solar cell sun rays are converted into electricity. 6. Solar energy is becoming popular in various parts of the country and can be used for cooking, pumping, heating of water, refrigerator and street lighting.
- Solar Power Plants: The largest solar plant in India is located at Madhapur near Bhuj, to sterilise milk cans. Solar powered small pumps are being used in Delhi, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. Solar power is being used in remote rural areas in West Bengal in the form of solar lanterns, solar street light and solar pump for irrigation.
Wind Energy: The energy which is produced from wind is called wind energy.
- Generation of wind energy: USA is the first one for using and generation of wind energy. In 1997, approximately 300 mega watt wind energy was produced from here. 75% wind energy of the world is produced from California. India is in the 5th largest wind energy was producing country. There are 208 wind-energy plants are in India till now. Lamba of Gujarat is the biggest wind-energy producing centre in Asia. The process of wind plant at Sundarban is going on.
- Wind energy is a cheap and clean energy resource. This energy requires only initial cost for the establishment of the wind farm. Our country has a wind power potential of 20,000 MW. About 85 sites with a potential of 4500 MW have been identified in the country. The major wind power plants are located at Muppandal and Nagercoil in Tamil Nadu. Wind power plant at Lamba in Gujarat in the Gulf of Kutch is the largest in India and in Asia. Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh, Puri coast in Orissa and coastal strip of Maharashtra, Gujarat are other wind energy producing centres.
Non-conventional energy resources, like solar and wind energy, have several advantages:
(i) Renewable power is resource: Non-conventional power is produced from renewable and unlimited resources of our environment, so it has no ending inspite of its huge uses.
(ii) Pollutionless: Non-conventional energy resources do not pollute environment. So, it is a pollution-free energy source.
(iii) Very little producing cost: Non-conventional energy resources are got everywhere easily, so cost of production of energy is very low.
(iv) Available: Conventional energy resources are not available everywhere but nonconventional energy resources are comparatively available.
(v) It is free from danger: As Non-conventional resources of energy are polution free, so they are dangerless for the environment.
(vi) Investment: Uses of non-conventional energy is very little, so huge investment is not necessary for it.
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