Get summaries, questions, answers, solutions, notes, extras, PDF and guides for Chapter 10 Support Base for Sustainable Development: NBSE Class 12 Environment (Environmental Education) textbook, which is part of the syllabus of students studying under the Nagaland Board. These solutions, however, should only be treated as references and can be modified/changed.
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Summary
Sustainable development means growing in a way that does not harm the environment and helps people live better lives for a long time. To support this, there must be strong help from the government. This includes rules, laws, and support systems. It could be through control over industries or providing help like roads and electricity. The government must have the will to do this and work through proper plans and actions.
Policies made by the government should be able to change with time. Since science and technology change quickly, the rules must be made in a way that they can suit future needs. These laws should also help solve problems that may happen between people and protect nature.
The use of correct and helpful technology is also very important. These are machines and methods that help in farming, factories, energy use, and reducing pollution. They should cause less harm to nature and reduce waste. Scientists are working all over the world to make such technology.
Laws and rules should also be checked and changed when needed. If something changes in the world, like a new problem, the local rules should also change. This will help in protecting the environment better.
Sustainable development must also care about people. The main aim is to improve people’s lives. So, a humane approach is needed. This means that all planning should think about how people live and what they need.
For the country to grow, there must be skilled workers. Human development helps in this. It means giving people education, good health, and better lives. When people are trained well, they can work better in factories and other places. A skilled worker is someone who has been trained for a special job. Such people are needed more because new machines and methods are being used.
There is still a gap between villages and cities. People in villages do not have the same chances. More must be done to give them training and education so they can also grow.
Jobs now need people who know science, maths, and can speak English. Schools must teach these better. Teachers should be trained and schools improved.
The Government of India has taken steps like setting up training centres and starting vocational courses in schools. But some problems remain. These include old training methods and weak links between schools and industries.
Textbook solutions
Short Answer Questions
1. What is support base for sustainable development derived from?
Answer: The support base for sustainable development is derived from:
(i) political and administrative will
(ii) dynamic and flexible policies
(iii) appropriate technologies
(iv) comprehensive review and revision mechanism
(v) humane approach.
2. Write a note on humane approach to sustainable development.
Answer: The major aim of sustainable development is enhancing the level of human conditions in all spheres of life. For this, ‘people’ are the main factors who contribute to development. It is clear that a humane approach is essential for all kinds of planning and policy-making processes.
3. What is meant by ‘human development’?
Answer: Human development is the ultimate goal of all social development and economic development. Human development is a human-centred approach towards development. It focuses on people. It is concerned with them and their well-being, their needs, choices, and aspirations. The objective of human development is to create such conditions of human life which may help them to develop a purposeful life they can cherish.
4. Why is skill-development required?
Answer: Skill development is needed to develop skilled manpower. With the improvement in technology and change in the method of production, the demand for skilled labour has increased in the country. A skilled labourer is one who gets proper training and education to work in a specified field.
Long Answer Questions
1. What role do political and administrative will and humane approach play in achieving sustainable development?
Answer: Political and administrative will plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development as it is the duty of the government and other political framers to present the laws, policies and standards that would ultimately lead to the goal of sustainable development. The main emphasis here is on protection of environment, afforestation and regeneration of degraded lands, control and prevention of pollution, conservation of wildlife, forests, flora and fauna. These goals can easily be achieved by the administrative system of a country through methods such as awareness at local, state, national and international levels by spreading information as done by ENVIS, training and education, promoting forest and environmental resources, implementing wildlife and forestry programmes, assisting environmental organisations, and using surveillance techniques and monitoring such as by EIA. Such goals are given support by regulatory measures and legislation that are targeted at achievement of protection and preservation of our precious natural environment.
A humane approach is also essential for achieving sustainable development because the major aim of sustainable development is enhancing the level of human conditions in all spheres of life. For this, ‘people’ are the main factors who contribute to development. It is clear that a humane approach is essential for all kinds of planning and policy making processes.
2. What do you understand by use of dynamic and flexible policies?
Answer: I understand that the use of dynamic and flexible policies means that the policies that are made today must be applicable in the future too. Since advances are being made every day in fields of science and technology, leading to varied environmental problems, a feasible policy must be made that would cater to the future needs and be able to adapt according to these needs. Such laws are needed to protect the natural environment and to serve as mediators in varied conflicts situations. The Ministry of Environment and Forests must work to formulate these dynamic and flexible policies.
3. How are appropriate technologies and comprehensive revision mechanisms aids to sustainable development?
Answer: Appropriate technologies and comprehensive revision mechanisms are aids to sustainable development in the following ways:
The Government has to promote usage of appropriate technologies to serve as aids in sustainable industrialisation, sustainable agriculture, low levels of pollution, correct use of energy and minimum wastage. All over the world scientists are busy finding ways of achieving these goals.
A comprehensive review and revision mechanism has to be the inherent quality of all policies framed for protection and preservation of environment. These policies are periodically revised as and when situations change on international or global levels. It is an important duty of the policy makers to keep a global or international outlook even as they are dealing with the local environmental situation. In case of major upheavals on global level, changes would be needed to be made on the local level in all the concerned policies. This helps to support sustainable development by ensuring policies remain relevant and effective.
4. “The rapid industrialisation of the economy accompanied by significant industrial restructuring has created pressure on skill demands’. Elaborate.
Answer: The rapid industrialisation of the economy, accompanied by significant industrial restructuring, has indeed created pressures on skill demands. This pressure manifests in several ways. Experienced engineers and technicians, managers, advanced-level machinists, tool, mould and die makers, as well as other skilled and technical manpower will be demanded, especially following the growth of export-oriented industries. At the same time, there will be an increased demand for researchers, scientists, and support technicians.
Critical industrial skills such as tooling and fabrication of precision parts and components, and product design are essential in providing the basic support to manufacturing industries. Equally important are electronics and computer-based skills, as well as mechatronics. As such, training institutions must give greater emphasis to the production of these types of manpower, particularly those related to intermediate and higher-level skills. Apart from skilled manpower, there is also the need to produce manpower at the managerial, supervisory, and maintenance levels. In developing these skills, emphasis should also be placed on leadership qualities such as creativity, innovativeness, and entrepreneurship.
Furthermore, the industrialisation strategies in most developing countries call for the retraining of the existing workforce to equip them with specialised and up-to-date skills, since production techniques will become increasingly automated and complex. Thus, there is a need to promote enterprise-based training to enhance the quality and adaptability of the workforce to ensure the competitiveness of various products in the world market.
5. What are Government of India’s steps towards development of skilled manpower?
Answer: With a view to impart skills through training, the Government of India has taken many steps such as: the Central Board of Workers Education (CBWE) formed in 1958 is working in a positive direction; there are 4300 ITI’s (Industrial Training Institutes) operating in India to provide specialised training; and vocational education has been integrated at the school level.
The problems associated with these steps are: the ITI’s need restructuring and reorientation of their courses at a much faster rate to respond effectively to current and future needs of the job market; the industry institute interaction continues to be weak; and the vocational courses offered by the school system are to be modified in accordance with the manpower needs of the day.
Think and Answer
Q. “Present trends in the demand for industrial manpower indicate the need for a labour force with broad-based education.” How far do you agree with this statement?
Answer: I agree completely with the statement that present trends in the demand for industrial manpower indicate the need for a labour force with broad-based education. This is because such an education, emphasising mathematics, science, and communication abilities, as well as proficiency in English as a second language, provides the foundation for a trainable labour force. These attributes are crucial as they enable the labour force to adapt swiftly to the changing technological needs of the country. A skilled and productive workforce, which is versatile and adapts quickly to a changing industrial environment, is a prerequisite to maintain a favourable investment in the world market. Therefore, a broad-based education is essential to meet the demand for a high-quality labour force responsive to the requirements of a dynamic labour market.
Project Work & Activity
Use Internet, magazines and newspaper articles to find out what recent steps have been taken by Ministry of Human Resource Development to achieve skilled manpower development in our country. Make list of at least five steps.
Answer: Do it yourself. Here are the instructions:
- First, understand what you need to do. You need to find out about new things the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) has done lately to help people in India learn skills for jobs. You have to list at least five of these new actions or programs.
- The best places to look are the Internet, magazines, and newspaper articles.
- If you’re using the Internet:
- Open a search engine (like Google).
- Type in search terms like: “recent steps by Ministry of Human Resource Development for skill development in India”, “MHRD India new skill initiatives”, or “skilled manpower development programs MHRD”.
- Look for websites that seem official (like government sites) or are from well-known news sources.
- If you’re looking in magazines or newspapers:
- Check any recent ones you have at home or can find in your school library.
- Look for articles about education, government plans for jobs, or skill training.
- When you find some information, here’s what to look for:
- The names of any new programs, schemes, or policies started by the MHRD.
- Try to see if the information says when these were started, so you know they are “recent”.
- Read a bit about each one to understand how it helps people develop skills.
- Now, make your list:
- Write down the name of each step or program you find.
- Next to each name, write one or two simple sentences explaining what that program does to help with skill development.
- Make sure you have at least five different steps or programs on your list.
- For example, you might find a new training program or a policy to improve vocational education. Just make sure it’s a recent action by the MHRD.
Extras
Additional Questions and Answers
1. Define political and administrative will in the context of sustainable development.
Answer: In the context of sustainable development, political and administrative will refers to the duty of the government and other political framers to present the laws, policies, and standards that would ultimately lead to the goal of sustainable development. The main emphasis is on protection of environment, afforestation and regeneration of degraded lands, control and prevention of pollution, and conservation of wildlife, forests, flora, and fauna, goals which can be achieved by the administrative system of a country.
26. Evaluate the steps taken by the Government of India towards the development of skilled manpower and discuss the problems associated with these steps.
Answer: With a view to impart skills through training, the Government of India has taken many steps. For instance, the Central Board of Workers Education (CBWE), formed in 1958, is working in a positive direction. Additionally, there are 4300 ITIs (Industrial Training Institutes) operating in India to provide specialised training. Vocational education has also been integrated at the school level.
However, there are problems associated with these steps. The ITIs need restructuring and reorientation of their courses at a much faster rate to respond effectively to current and future needs of the job market. Furthermore, the industry-institute interaction continues to be weak. Finally, the vocational courses offered by the school system are to be modified in accordance with the manpower needs of the day.
Additional MCQs (Knowledge Based)
1. Which of the following is not a support base for sustainable development?
A. Political and administrative will
B. Appropriate technologies
C. High taxation
D. Humane approach
Answer: C. High taxation
33. Which goal involves conservation of flora and fauna?
A. Wildlife protection
B. Technology use
C. Market growth
D. Political reform
Answer: A. Wildlife protection
Additional MCQs (Competency Based)
1. Assertion (A): For development to be truly beneficial, it must be capable of being maintained over an extended duration.
Reason (R): The necessary backing for such long-term development in contemporary society must originate from the established systems of governance.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
39. What are some of the identified challenges or areas needing improvement within India’s current skill development initiatives?
i. Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) are often adapting their courses too rapidly, leading to instability in the job market.
ii. The interaction and collaboration between industry and training institutes continue to be weak.
iii. Vocational courses offered by the school system are perfectly aligned with the current manpower needs of the day.
iv. ITIs require faster restructuring and reorientation of their courses to effectively meet current and future job market demands.
Options:
A. i, iii
B. ii, iv
C. i, ii
D. iii, iv
Answer: B. ii, iv
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