Solutions, questions, answers, and notes of chapter 5: The Locational Setting and Relief which is a part of social science class 9 syllabus of students studying under the Nagaland Board of School Education. However, these notes should be used only for references and additions/modifications should be made as per the requirements.
INTRODUCTION: Although India is an ancient land with thousands of years old history the modern nation came into being only in 1947. The British left India, a region they had ruled for almost two centuries, partitioning it into the two nations of India and Pakistan. They left their mark in many ways, including the popular and widespread use of the English language and a parliamentary system of government. India, officially the Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic of India is the world’s seventh-largest country. It encompasses a varied landscape rich in natural resources.
India is surrounded by seas on three sides- the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. This locational setting gives India and its immediate neighbouring countries a unique, geographical entity separated from the rest of Asia. So the land comprising them is collectively termed the Indian subcontinent.
I. Choose the correct answer
1. India covers how much of total world area
Answer: (c) 2.4%
2. The Coromandal Coast is in:
Answer: (c) Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
3. The islands formed by coral deposits are:
Answer: (c) Lakshadweep Islands
4. The most popular hill stations of North India, (Example – Mussoorie, Shimla, etc.) lie in:
Answer: (c) Himachal or Middle Himalayas
5. Which latitude divides India into two parts?
Answer: (b) Tropic of Cancer
6. The Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills are located in which state?
Answer: (d) Meghalaya
7. The highest peak in the world, Mount Everest, is located in which range of the Himalayas?
Answer: (a) Himadri
II. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Name the southernmost point of the Indian mainland.
Answer: The southernmost point of the country is Indira Point in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
2. What is the land area of India?
Answer: India covers a land area of 3,287,263 sq km.
5. Why is the ‘Indian subcontinent’ called so?
Answer: It is called “the Indian subcontinent” because of its isolation from the rest of Asia due to mountain ranges.
6. List the important passes in the Himalayas.
Answer: Shipkila, Nathula, and Bomdila.
III. Short Answer Type Questions
1. Write briefly about the island groups of India.
Answer: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a group of more than 300 islands, of which 265 are uninhabited. The Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal have five large islands grouped together, called the Great Andamans, and to its south is the Island of Little Andamans. There are 204 islets. The Nicobar Islands, south of the Andamans, are a group of 19 islands, out of which 7 are uninhabited. The islands are divided into southern, central, and northern ones.
2. Write a note on the middle Himalayas.
Answer: Himachal, or the Middle Himalayas, lies to the south of the Himadri, extending over an average width of 50 km and about 370 to 4500 m high. The important ranges of Himachal are the Mahabharat, the Dhauladhar, and the Pir Panjal. The most popular hill stations in North India, namely Shimla, Dalhousie, Nainital, Darjeeling, and Dharamshala, are located in Himachal.
4. Write about the western coastal plains.
Answer: Stretching from Kerala to Gujarat is the Western Coastal Plain, which is rather narrow except for the Gujarat part. This highly rugged and dissected coastal plain is called the Konkan Coast in the northern part. Drowned valleys formed due to some rise in sea levels are called estuaries. Such estuaries are formed by the rivers of the western coast. This area is a land of small fishing villages, coconut, palms and spice gardens. Many ancient ports dot the coastline.
lV. Long Answer Type Questions
1. The vast latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India is unique. Discuss.
Answer: From south to north, India’s mainland extends between 8° 4’N and 37° 6’N latitudes. It is located in the Northern Hemisphere. The Tropic of Cancer (23½°N) passes roughly through the middle of the country. From west to east, India extends between 68°7 ‘E and 97°25’E longitudes. It is located in the Eastern Hemisphere. On account of the great east-west (longitudinal) extension of approximately 29°, a time difference of 1 hour and 56 minutes would be expected between the eastern and western limits of the country. So sunrise in Arunachal Pradesh would take place two hours earlier than in Gujarat. To solve the problem 82°30’ E longitude has been accepted as the Standard Meridian. The local time along this longitude has been recognised internationally as the Indian Standard Time.
4. What do you know about
(i) the Northern Plains and (ii) the Deccan Plateau (iii) the Thar Desert
Answer: (i) The vast Northern plains lie between the Himalayas in the north and the stable tableland of the Peninsula in the south. The Northern Plains are formed by deposition by the three main river systems – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. The Northern Plains are broadly divided into the Indus river system in the west and the Ganga-Brahmaputra river system in the east.
(ii) The Deccan plateau has its southward extension from the Satpura, the Mahadeo and the Maikal ranges to the southern tip of the peninsula. The northwestern part of the plateau is mainly a region formed by lava flows. The Western Ghats form a boundary towards the west and stretch without any obstacles along the coast of the Arabian Sea.
(iii) The Thar Desert is in Rajasthan, covering 805 km in length and 485 km in width. The desert terrain is marked by rolling sandhills, among which are found scattered vegetation and rock outcroppings. The area receives sparse rainfall, averaging 127 to 254 mm annually. The temperature in the area can be as high as 52.8°C in July. Most of the people in the Thar Desert are engaged in pastoral activities and the hide and wool industries.
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