Here, you will find summaries, questions, answers, textbook solutions, pdf, extras etc. of (Nagaland Board) NBSE Class 11 Education Chapter 2: Aims of Education. These solutions, however, should be only treated as references and can be modified/changed.
Introduction
The chapter “Aims of Education” delves into the purpose and objectives of education, discussing both individual and societal aims, and their synthesis. It also explores specific aims such as citizenship, vocational, and national integration.
It emphasizes that the aim of education is the desired outcome of an activity, which varies with the age one is living in, the kind of society, and the stages of life. Aims are crucial in education as they provide direction, help assess outcomes, and ensure efficient functioning of educational institutions. They also assist individuals in acting intelligently and give a sense of continuity to education.
The individual aim of education is to prioritize the growth and development of an individual. It argues that education should make the individual a free, thoughtful, generous, and dutiful citizen of a free country. The individual is not a slave to society, but it is their duty to support society and contribute to its progress.
The chapter also discusses the social aim of education, which is to make individuals active in their communities and societies, and responsible as citizens. It emphasizes the importance of collective work for a common good cause, producing loyal individuals who lead a devoted life for the betterment of the nation.
The vocational aim of education is also discussed. In the modern age, with advancements in science, technology, and industrialization, educational institutes have to perform the functions of training children in professions and helping them earn their livelihood.
The chapter also highlights the role of education in national integration, emphasizing the need to strengthen the solidarity of the nation for its proper growth and development. It discusses various disruptive forces such as casteism, communalism, and linguism that hinder national integration and the role of education in overcoming these challenges.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. What is the purpose of education according to Rivilin?
Answer: The purpose of education according to Rivilin is that “Education is purposeful and ethical activity, hence it is unthinkable without aims.”
2. What has been emphasised in the basic scheme of Education by Mahatma Gandhi?
Answer: In the basic scheme of Education by Mahatma Gandhi, emphasis has been laid on social efficiency and the ability of the pupil to make significant contributions to the Indian society through crafts, skills, vocational training, and citizenship.
3. What do you understand by ‘Individuals and society are like bricks and wall’?
Answer: The phrase ‘Individuals and society are like bricks and wall’ signifies that both are interdependent on each other. According to John Adam “Individuality requires a social medium to grow, without social conducts we are not human.”
4. Explain the necessity of Aims of Education.
Answer: The necessity of Aims of Education is manifold. Aims give direction to an activity. They are formulated keeping in view the needs of situations. Aims are related to life and the society where one lives. They are correlated to the ideals of life. Without aims, education is like “a boat without rudder.” It can never reach the destination. Without aims, “a man is like an aimless wanderer” who can never reach his goal.
Short Answer Type Questions
1. What do you understand by Aims of Education?
Answer: Aim is the desired outcome of an activity. Goals, objectives, purposes, and other similar words are synonyms of the word aim. Aims differ with the age one is living in, with the kind of society, and the stages of life. Aims give direction to an activity. Aims are formulated keeping in view the needs of situations. Aims are related to life. Aims are related to the society where one lives. Aims are correlated to the ideals of life.
2. Explain the individual aim of education.
Answer: The aim of education is that an individual and his growth and development should be in the forefront. The individual should be trained first. The aim of the influence of home, family, and school is to make the life of an individual better. These institutions should provide the individuals a conducive environment for their personality development. Emphasis is laid on education which makes the individual a free, thoughtful, generous, and dutiful citizen of a free country.
3. What are the limitations of individual aim?
Answer: The idea of autonomous development of individuality does not take into account its effect on the social environment. It is the society – when properly recognized which helps the individual to grow and develop. Every individual should contribute towards the society for its development and reorganization.
4. Discuss the social aim of education.
Answer: According to the social aim of education, society is superior to individual. In simple form, social aim means growth of social sense and cooperation of individuals. According to some educators, the aspect of social aim in education produces cohesion and a sense of cooperation among individuals. This is important for enjoying the amenities of life. It is a belief that individuals cannot live a developed life in isolation.
9. Without the knowledge of aims, education is like “a boat without rudder” Justify this statement.
Answer: Without the knowledge of aims, education is like a boat without a rudder because aims give direction to an activity. They are formulated keeping in view the needs of situations. Aims are related to life and the society where one lives. They are correlated to the ideals of life. Without aims, education can never reach the destination. Without aims, a man is like an aimless wanderer who can never reach his goal.
10. What is the role of education in the process of National Integration?
Answer: The role of education in the process of National Integration is to develop a feeling of oneness among students. It should foster human values of secularism through quality education. Education should reform the curriculum in the light of national need and promote co-curriculum activities and cultural integration. Respect for others and for the national flag, national anthem should be the motto of school education. Education should promote co-operation and peaceful co-existence and introduce national integration to bring oneness in every aspect of the diverse culture of India.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. “Aim gives direction to an activity.” Explain.
Answer: Aim is the desired outcome of an activity. Goals, objectives, purposes, and other similar words are synonyms of the word aim. Aims differ with the age one is living in, with the kind of society, and the stages of life. Aims give direction to an activity. Aims are formulated keeping in view the needs of situations. Aims are related to life. Aims are related to the society where one lives. Aims are correlated to the ideals of life. It is rightly said “Without the knowledge of aims” education is “like a boat without rudder.” It can never reach the destination. Without aims “a man is like an aimless wanderer” who can never reach his goal.
2. What are the limitations of social aim of education?
Answer: The limitations of the social aim of education include the fact that it makes an individual a tool. The powerful society ignores the needs, desires, and aspirations of an individual. It considers the individual as a means or tool. The social aims demand blind loyalty to the society/country. It wants silent obedience from the individual. But it is unacceptable to the modern generation. It reduces an individual to a mere non-entity. There is no scope for personality and unique characteristics to flourish. Individual has to work for society for its progress. A person’s social efficiency and progress give birth to deep dissatisfaction. A person wants individuality and development as the aim of education.
5. Discuss the importance of National Integration.
Answer: National Integration means the realisation of collective identity among the natives of a country. It signifies that even though we all belong to diverse religions, regions, castes, and speak different languages, we must always feel that we all are one. Such feeling of oneness is very crucial for building a prosperous and strong nation. The real meaning of integration is the existence of multifarious identities with a unifying thread. According to Benjamin Franklin, “National Integration is the assimilation of the entire people of the country to the common identity.” Integration means a harmonisation of loyalties and interests. National Integration means harmonisation of loyalties of the entire people of the country. The development and prosperity of a nation depend upon the prevailing unity and solidarity among the citizens of that nation.
6. Suggest some steps to achieve National Integration.
Answer: Some methods suggested, tested, and applied to achieve National Integration are as under:
- Education should develop a feeling of oneness among students.
- It is desirable to have emotional integration with “we” feeling.
- Exchange of ideas among students and teachers for nation-building.
- Organisation of inter-state cultural camps of students and teachers for National Integration.
- There should be constitutional safeguards for national unity and emotional integrity. It should be put into practice in letter and spirit.
- Government and non-government agencies should foster human values of secularism through quality education.
- Reform the curriculum in the light of national need.
- Promotion of co-curriculum activities and cultural integration.
- Respect for others and for the national flag, national anthem should be the motto of school education.
- Promote co-operation and peaceful co-existence and introduce national integration to bring oneness in every aspect of the diverse culture of India.
- ‘Live and let live,’ ‘Respect and get respect,’ should be the motto of educated citizens.
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions
1. You have studied about National Integration. Think about some hindrances that come in the way of National Integration. Give suggestions to overcome these hindrances.
Answer: Some hindrances to National Integration include casteism, the lack of a common language, communalism, the decline of old values, illiteracy, increasing militant behaviour and disruptive behaviour, and linguism. To overcome these hindrances, the following suggestions can be followed:
- Education should develop a feeling of oneness among students.
- There should be emotional integration with a “we” feeling.
- Exchange of ideas among students and teachers for nation-building.
- Organization of inter-state cultural camps of students and teachers for National Integration.
- There should be constitutional safeguards for national unity and emotional integrity. It should be put into practice in letter and spirit.
- Government and non-government agencies should foster human values of secularism through quality education.
- Reform the curriculum in the light of national need.
- Promotion of co-curriculum activities and cultural integration.
- Respect for others and for the national flag, national anthem should be the motto of school education.
- Promote cooperation and peaceful co-existence and introduce national integration to bring oneness in every aspect of the diverse culture of India.
- ‘Live and let live,’ ‘Respect and get respect,’ should be the motto of educated citizens.
2. Suggest some steps for synthesis of individual and social aims of education.
Answer: The synthesis of individual and social aims of education can be achieved by recognizing that these two aims, while seemingly opposite, are actually interdependent. Individuality requires a social medium to grow, and it develops in a social environment. The aim of education should be the development of valuable personality and spiritual individuality. Both individual and social aims are important. A child-centric school which has recognized and encouraged the unique development of the individual child can contribute significantly to this synthesis.
Additional/extra questions and answers
1. What is the meaning of ‘aim’?
Answer: Aim is the desired outcome of an activity. It is synonymous with goals, objectives, and purposes.
2. How are aims formulated?
Answer: Aims are formulated keeping in view the needs of situations. They are related to life, the society where one lives, and are correlated to the ideals of life.
3. What is the importance of aims in education according to scholars, philosophers, and educators?
Answer: According to scholars, philosophers, and educators, the importance of aim in education is crucial as it brings direction to an activity. Acting with an aim is akin to acting intelligently. Without aims, education would be like a boat without a rudder, aimlessly wandering and never reaching its goal. Education is seen as a purposeful and ethical activity, hence it is unthinkable without aims.
4. What are the benefits of having aims in education?
Answer: The benefits of having aims in education are manifold:
- Aims give direction to an activity.
- Aims help to assess the outcomes of the education process.
- Aims are necessary for the efficient functioning of a school.
- Aims are useful for parents.
- Aims are useful for the public.
- Aims help in acting with meaning.
- Aims help an individual in acting intelligently. (viii) Aims give a sense of continuity to education.
5. What are the contradictions between individual aims and social aims in education?
Answer: In the context of education, there is a contradiction between individual aims and social aims. The question that arises is whether education should benefit an individual or the society, and what is more important: social needs or individual needs? The key issue is which is more important in the process of education – the individual or society?
6. How is education beneficial for the individual according to the individual aim of education?
Answer: The individual aim of education emphasizes the growth and development of the individual. It suggests that an individual should be trained first and that the influence of home, family, and school should make the individual’s life better by providing a conducive environment for their personality development. It asserts that education can make the individual a free, thoughtful, generous, and dutiful citizen of a free country and that it can help the individual to solve problems. The individual is not seen as a slave to society but rather, it is his duty to support society and contribute to its progress. The key argument for the individual aim of education is individual freedom, which is the cornerstone of a democratic society.
55. What are some methods to achieve national integration?
Answer: To achieve national integration, multiple methods can be utilized. Education plays a vital role, aiming to develop a feeling of oneness among students and fostering “we” feelings. Exchanging ideas for nation-building and organizing inter-state cultural camps can further cultivate integration. There should also be constitutional safeguards for national unity, which must be put into practice genuinely. Additionally, government and non-government agencies can foster secularism through quality education, and the curriculum should be reformed to align with national needs. Promoting co-curriculum activities and cultural integration, fostering respect for the national symbols, promoting cooperation and peaceful co-existence, and introducing national integration in diverse cultural contexts are also essential. The principles of ‘live and let live,’ and ‘respect and get respect,’ should be the motto of educated citizens.
Additional/extra MCQs
1. What is synonymous with the term ‘aim’?
A. Purpose B. Vision C. Ambition D. Mission
Answer: A. Purpose
2. According to Rivilin, what is education?
A. Ethical Activity B. Skill Enhancement C. Knowledge Transfer D. Character Building
Answer: A. Ethical Activity
3. What happens to education without aims?
A. It loses direction B. It becomes rigorous C. It becomes fun D. It gets streamlined
Answer: A. It loses direction
4. What does an aim do to an activity?
A. Confuses it B. Slows it C. Gives direction D. Makes it challenging
Answer: C. Gives direction
5. Who emphasized the necessity of aims in education?
A. Aristotle B. Rousseau C. Plato D. Descartes
Answer: B. Rousseau
67. What should be the motto of educated citizens for promoting national integration?
A. ‘Live and let die’ B. ‘Disrespect and get disrespected’ C. ‘Live and let live’ D. None of the above
Answer: C. ‘Live and let live’
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