Get here all the questions and answers and notes for chapter 16 Development of social science for class 10 students studying under Nagaland Board of School Education (NBSE). However, the study materials should be used only for references and nothing more. The notes can be modified/changed according to needs.
Summary
The term ‘development highlights the need and means to provide better living conditions for the people of the country. It includes not only economic growth but also human development by providing facilities for better health, nutrition, education and a clean environment for living. Thus, development is the process of developing or being developed. The emotional, social and physical development of young children has a direct effect on their overall development. Therefore, it is very important to invest in young children in the form of health and education. We should not forget that children are also a part of the human resource of the country.
Development involves the goals and aspirations of people and the ways in which they work towards achieving these goals. We know that different persons can have different developmental goals. What may be development for one may not be development for the other. It may even be destructive for the other. For example, the construction of a dam may be the developmental goal for an industrialist, but the same dam can create havoc with the life of people who need to be evacuated in the catchment area.
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Textual questions and answers
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Per capita income is:
A. Income per person B. Income per family C. Income per earning person D. Income per month
Answer: A. Income per person
2. In which of the following, is the life expectancy rate highest?
A. Sri Lanka B. India C. China D. Afghanistan
Answer: A. Sri Lanka
3. Which state in India has the lowest Infant Mortality Rate?
A. Punjab B. Bihar C. Kerala D. Haryana
Answer: C. Kerala
4. The most important criterion while comparing the real development of a country is
A. Human Development Index (HDI) B. Literacy rate C. Export earnings D. Income
Answer: A. Human Development Index (HDI)
5. What is the relationship between IMR and the level of economic development in a country?
A. IMR is unrelated to economic development B. Higher economic development leads to higher IMR C. Higher economic development generally leads to lower IMR D. Economic development has no impact on healthcare indicators
Answer: C. Higher economic development generally leads to lower IMR
6. Read the following statements: Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose one of the correct alternatives.
Assertion (A): Developmental goals are not only about better income but also about other important things in life. Reason (R): A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). C. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false. D. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Answer: B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
7. A village is improving access to clean water, education, and healthcare while promoting organic farming and biodiversity conservation. What type of development approach is the village adopting?
A. Short-term development B. Isolated development C. Traditional development D. Sustainable development
Answer: D. Sustainable development
Very Short Answer Questions
1. What is meant by Per Capita Income?
Answer: The national income of a country divided by its total population is called the per capita income of that country.
2. Mention any two importance of education.
Answer: Two importance of education are:
(i) Education produces skilled and trained workers.
(ii) It increases labour productivity.
3. Define Infant Mortality Rate.
Answer: The term Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) indicates the number of living children per thousand, who die before completing one year of age.
Short Answer Questions
1. What is meant by Death Rate? What was the death rate in India in 2013?
Answer: The death rate is the number of people dYing Per thousand of the population during a particular year. In 2013, the death rate in India was 7.4 per thousand.
2. State two ways in which good health contributes to economic development.
Answer: Good health contributes to economic development in the following ways :
(i) It increases the efficiency of workers.
(ii) It reduces production loss caused by a worker’s illness.
3. What is National Income? Mention any one feature of National Income.
Answer: National income is the money value of all final goods and services produced in a country plus income from abroad during a financial year.
One feature of National Income is that National income can be measured both at current prices and at constant prices.
4. Mention any two conditions necessary for sustainable development.
Answer: Two conditions necessary for sustainable development are:
(i) Limiting the human population to the level within the carrying capacity of the environment.
(ii) Technological progress must be input-efficient particularly about nonrenewable resources.
Long Answer Questions
1. What do you mean by the per capita income of a country? How it can be used to compare two countries?
Answer: The national income of a country divided by its total population is called the per capita income of that country, It is also known as the average national income per head of population. It can be calculated by dividing national income by total population as shown below.
For comparison between countries, national income is not a useful measure. Since countries have different populations, comparing national income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Therefore, the size of the national income of a country cannot be considered as a good measure of economic growth, especially when the growth of population is more than its growth of real national income. Here, per capita income would be a better indicator of economic growth.
2. What is meant by sustainable development? Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
Answer: Development should take place without damaging the environment and the development in the present should not compromise on the needs of future generations. Sustainable development, therefore, means development only when resources are managed in such a way that future generations do not suffer and have at least the same which present generations have.
The issue of sustainable development is important to us because non-renewable resources get exhausted after years of use. These resources cannot be replenished. Crude oil and coal are examples of non-renewable resources. If people in the world continue to use crude oil in the present manner, we would run out of stock in 43 years. Further, the present type of development has caused great damage to the environment.
4. What is the sex ratio? Describe the reasons for the steady decline in the sex ratio in India.
Answer: Sex Ratio (SR) is defined as the number of females per thousand males.
The reasons for the steady decline in sex ratio in India are:
(i) Less care of female children as compared to male children.
(ii) Women are subject to greater risks of life, especially at the time of delivery.
(iii) Indians prefer a male child to that of a female child. This leads to female foeticide and infanticide.
(iv) Females do not get a good diet and medical care. Males, as they are supposed to be bread-earners for the family, get preference in this regard.
Extra/additional MCQs
1. What does the term ‘development’ highlight?
A. Economic growth alone B. Need and means to provide better living conditions C. Human development alone D. Environmental development
Answer: B. Need and means to provide better living conditions
37. What does Adult Literacy Rate refer to?
A. Percentage of people aged between 15 and above who can understand, read and write short and simple sentences B. Percentage of people aged between 18 and above who can understand, read and write short and simple sentences C. Percentage of people aged between 10 and above who can understand, read and write short and simple sentences D. None of the above
Answer: A. Percentage of people aged between 15 and above who can understand, read and write short and simple sentences
Extra/additional questions and answers/solutions
1. What does the term ‘development’ highlight?
Answer: The need and means to provide better living conditions for people of the country.
30. Discuss the significance of per capita income as an indicator of economic development and compare it with national income.
Answer: Per capita income is considered a better indicator of economic development than national income. National income gives the total income of the country, but for comparison between countries, it is not a useful measure since countries have different population sizes. Comparing national incomes does not tell us what an average person is likely to earn.
Per capita income, which is national income divided by the total population, overcomes this drawback. It gives the average income of a person in the country. A higher per capita income means more income for an average person which translates into higher consumption, savings and investment. This drives economic growth and development.
Moreover, while estimating economic growth, growth of per capita income in real terms is considered. A continuous growth in real per capita income for a number of years brings improvement in the living standards of the people. The World Bank uses this criterion of per capita income in classifying countries into rich, middle-income and low-income categories for assessing their level of economic development.
Ron’e Dutta is a journalist, teacher, aspiring novelist, and blogger who manages Online Free Notes. An avid reader of Victorian literature, his favourite book is Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. He dreams of travelling the world. You can connect with him on social media. He does personal writing on ronism.
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