Get notes, questions, solutions, textual answers, pdf, and extras for chapter 15: Rise of Nazism, which is a part of the social science class 9 syllabus for students studying under the Nagaland Board of School Education. However, these notes should be used only for references and additions/modifications should be made as per the requirements.
Introduction
The chapter Rise of Nazism gives us a glimpse of the world after the First World War which started in 1914 and ended in 1919. After the defeat in the First World War, the German people were not happy about the Weimer Republic. The Weimer Republic was a government set up in Germany after the First World War. Among the many was a young man named Adolf Hitler who wanted to bring a change in Germany and avenge the humiliation that Germany faced in the First World War. Therefore he joined a political party known as National Socialist German Workers’ Party or the Nazi party and became its leader. Through this political party, he gained control over Germany, changed the system of government and became a dictator. He started invading other countries and blamed the Jews for the defeat in World War I. He claimed that the Germans belonged to the master Aryan race and were destined to rule the world.
As he started invading other countries, more and more countries got involved in a crisis, and the whole world was plunged into war. This is known as the Second World War, which started in 1939 after Germany invaded Poland. Meanwhile, he and his party started to put the Jews in concentration camps and kill millions of them.
The Nazis were eventually defeated by the allies, which included the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and the USA. Hitler committed suicide and Germany was divided into two parts, known as East Germany and West Germany.
Video tutorial
Textual questions and answers
Choose the correct answer
1. What was the ‘historic blunder’ committed by Hitler?
A. Invasion of Poland B. Invasion of France C. Invasion of Soviet Union D. None of these
Answer: C. Invasion of Soviet Union
2. Choose the wrong pair.
A. SA – Storm Troopers B. Gestapo – Secret State Police C. SS – Protection Squads D. SD – Secret Dictator
Answer: D. SD – Secret Dictator
3. Germany was finally defeated by the Allies in the Second World War in:
A. 1942 B. 1941 C. 1943 D. 1945
Answer: D. 1945
4. Which country dropped the atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
A. USSR B. USA C. Germany D. UK
Answer: B. USA
5. Which world crisis is depicted by the picture given below?
A. Bank dacoity B. Great Depression C. World War II D. Gold baskets
Answer: B. Great Depression
6. Consider the statements given below and choose the correct answer.
Statement I: Just before the election, the Reichstag building was set on fire. Statement II: Nazis themselves set the building on fire to create terror and fear among the people.
A. Statement (I) is correct and (II) is incorrect B. Statement (I) is incorrect and (II) is correct C. Both (I) and (II) are incorrect D. Both (I) and (II) are correct
Answer: D. Both (I) and (II) are correct
7. Arrange the following statements in sequential order based on the events that shaped Hitler’s rise to power.
(I) The Weimar Republic carried the burden of war guilt and national humiliation and was financially crippled. (II) The Economic Depression (1929-32) quickened the crisis in Germany. (III) People lost faith in the Democratic Parliamentary system. (IV) The Nazis led by Hitler held out the promise of a bright future to the German people.
A. (IV), (III), (II), (I) B. (I), (II), (III), (IV) C. (IV), (II), (III), (I) D. (II), (I), (III), (IV)
Answer: C. (IV), (II), (III), (I)
Very short answer type questions
1. Who was called the fuhrer?
Answer: Adolf Hitler was called the fuhrer.
2. What act gave Hitler complete power in Germany and when was this act passed?
Answer: Enabling Act of March 23, 1933, gave Hitler complete power in Germany.
3. What was the Gestapo?
Answer: Gestapo was the secret state police under the Nazi regime.
Short answer type questions
1. Why is Nazism considered a calamity not only for Germany but also for entire Europe?
Answer: Nazism is considered a calamity not only for Germany but also for the entire Europe. Entire Europe and many other countries of the world suffered huge losses by way of men and materials, just because of one man and his distorted ambitions. It was indeed one of the most horrible episodes in human history and must never be repeated.
2. What are the peculiar features of Nazi thinking?
Answer: The peculiar features of Nazi thinking were:
I. They believed that the strong should rule the world and the rest should accept their leadership.
II. Hitler preached that the Germans belonged to the master race, the Aryans while the Jews were at the lowest rung.
3. Describe the special surveillance and security forces created to control society in Nazi Germany?
Answer: Special surveillance and security forces were created to control society in Nazi Germany and order society in ways that the Nazis wanted. Apart from the already existing regular police in a green uniform and the SA or the St5rm Troopers, these included the Gestapo (secret state police), the SS (the protection squads), criminal police, and the Security Service (SD). People could now be detained in Gestapo torture chambers, rounded up and sent to concentration camps, deported at will, or arrested without any legal procedures. The police forces acquired powers to rule with impunity.
Long answer type questions
1. Discuss the crisis in Germany after the first world war?
Answer: For Germany, the peace treaty at Versailles with the Allies was harsh and humiliating. Germany lost its overseas colonies, a tenth of its population, 13 percent of its territories, 75 percent of its iron and 26 percent of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark, and Lithuania. It was forced to pay compensation amounting to £6 billion. The Weimer Republic carried the burden of war guilt and national humiliation and was financially crippled by being forced to pay compensation. In 1923, Germany suffered the worst inflation and it led to the loss of the value of the German currency. The German economy was worst hit by the economic crisis. By 1932, industrial production was reduced to 40 per cent of its 1929 level. The number of unemployed people swelled to 6 million. As jobs disappeared, the youth turned to criminal activities, and total despair became commonplace. The large mass of the peasantry was affected by a sharp fall in food grain prices, and big businesses were hit hard.
2. Explain Nazism, its features and its main ideas.
Answer: National Socialism or Nazism was a set of political ideologies that were associated with the Nazi party of Germany that gained control over the country in 1933 and lasted till 1945. The Nazis held out the promise of a bright future to the German people.
The main features and ideas of Nazism were:
I. Nazis did not believe in equal rights for everyone. They believed that the strong should rule the world and the rest should accept their leadership.
II. Hitler believed in racism also. Hitler Hitler preached that the Germans belonged to the master race, the Aryans. The blond, blue-eyed Nordic German Aryans were at the top, while the Jews were at the lowest rung.
III. Hitler’s racial ideology was borrowed from thinkers like Charles Darwin and Herbert Spence.
IV. Like Mussolini in Italy, Hitler justified his conquests by claiming the need for lebensraum or living space.
V. Hitler believed that the greatest enemies of the Germans were the Jews. He blamed them for all evils that had befallen Germany.
3. Describe in detail Hitler’s rise to power and its effect on Europe.
Answer: Hitler played on the bitterness of the German people for the defeat in World War I. He claimed that the German army was never defeated, it was betrayed by politicians. He promised to restore Germany’s military power and told the Germans that they were the greatest people in the world. Nazi propaganda stirred hopes of a better future. By 1932, it had become the largest party with 37 per cent votes. As soon as Hitler came to power, he set about consolidating his rule. He persuaded Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag and to hold another election on 5 March 1933. As a result, the Nazi Party won by an overwhelming majority in the elections. At once Hitler demanded complete power which he got by the Enabling Act of March 23, 1933. He used it to set up a Single-Party Dictatorship. With the death of Hindenburg in 1934, Hitler became the sole ruler of Germany.
Nazism is considered a calamity not only for Germany but also for the entire Europe. The entire Europe and many other countries of the world suffered huge losses by way of men and materials, just because of one man and his distorted ambitions.
4. Discuss the problems faced by the Weimar Republic. Who were called the ‘November criminals’?
Answer: The republic carried the burden of war guilt and national humiliation and was financially crippled by being forced to pay compensation. The Weimar Republic was fragile. The Weimar Constitution had some inherent defects, which made it unstable and vulnerable to dictatorship. One was proportional representation. This made achieving a majority by any one party a near-impossible task, leading to a rule by coalitions. Another defect was Article 48, which gave the President the powers to impose an emergency, suspend civil rights and rule by decree. People lost confidence in the democratic parliamentary system, which seemed to offer no solutions.
Those who supported the Weimar Republic, mainly Socialists, Catholics, and Democrats, became easy targets of attack in the conservative nationalist circles. They were mockingly called the November criminals.
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Ron’e Dutta is a journalist, teacher, aspiring novelist, and blogger. He manages Online Free Notes and reads Victorian literature. His favourite book is Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte and he hopes to travel the world. Get in touch with him by sending him a friend request.
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